Across
- 1. muslim empire in north africa, gained wealth by taxing gold-salt trade
- 7. bantu people migrated from west africa to span entirety of sub saharan africa; sedentary farmers, created big stone cities, had no written language
- 11. the process of establishing and developing a sustainable state/nation
- 12. Islamic ruler, both religious and political
- 14. city states in eastern africa (mix of arabic and bantu culture), served as important trading ports with islamic states
- 15. period in time where texts were translated to other languages such as Arabic from Greek, allowing more people access and preservation
- 21. important government official, status acquired by test
- 22. hindu movement in india that sought to bring about religious reforms by adopting the method of devotion to achieve salvation
- 23. a civil/military code the mongols followed, included ideas of religious tolerance and a meritocracy
- 26. centered around the andes mountains, cities like machu picchu at peaks
- 31. centralized monarchical empire in south asia
- 33. type of rice developed in east and southeast asia that grew extremely fast in rough conditions, allowed for faster food production, helping to grow population
- 37. east asian belief system that believes in balance and is centered around acting naturally and valuing nature (key words ying-yang, nature, harmony, wu-wei)
- 39. historical name for the middle east
- 40. traveling storyteller in african culture; maintain history and tradition through oral language
- 42. sacred text in Mayan culture
- 43. syncretic religion of hinduism, isalm, and buddhism in india
- 44. ruling families claimed the Mandate of Heaven to legitimize their rule
- 45. when the mongols conquered almost all of asia, they spanned the entirety of the silk road, resulting in a peaceful travel for trade
- 46. mayan empire was spread across cities centered around stone temples (people would live in the surrounding forests)
- 48. muslim empire in north india
- 51. the song dynasty built canals connecting big cities - this increased trade and communication throughout the empire and increase population in big cities
- 54. capital island of the mexica
- 55. place where scholarly texts were kept for the use of people from all over Europe, Asia, and Africa, led to the Golden Age of Islam
- 61. dynasty ruled by kublai khan in china, eventually overthrown by ming
- 62. travel from place to place, raised animals for living
- 63. hierarchical system in europe king→lord→knight→peasant/serf, king gave out land as fief (show of wealth)
- 64. big Bantu stone city, large circular structure thought to be royal palace
- 65. attempts to convert someone to another religion
- 66. timur, descendant of genghis khan, creates his own empire after the decline of the mongols; very violent
Down
- 2. system for agricultural production lords owned manors, where residents of the manorial city (peasants, serfs) would come to work on the land
- 3. muslim empire in the middle east/west asia in 1200 (peak)
- 4. individual states rule themselves, no one central power
- 5. device to launch projectiles long-distance, used by mongols with gunpowder as a weapon
- 6. name to refer to central mexico to central america region
- 8. division of christian church in which the pope has political power
- 9. causation, comparison, and ccot; claims made to state an argument
- 10. system where one could test on confucian beliefs to become shi
- 13. bureaucratic administrator, similar to a prime minister
- 16. technique used to grow crops in mountains
- 17. conquered states would have to pay tribute, in whatever they had (sometimes human sacrifice) detailed records were kept of this
- 18. division of christian church in which the council governs and the emperor has influence
- 19. advisor to the king, more like a friend to communicate with
- 20. cyclical calendar made by the mayans, both lunar and solar, thought to be more accurate than current calendar
- 24. ruler who takes over song dynasty, and tries to invade Japan unsuccessfully
- 25. large trade route connecting east asia to west asia, established first to trade silk from china
- 27. practice of becoming a monk/nun/priest, etc to devote your life to religion and god
- 28. ruler of mali empire, extremely wealthy (hajj story)
- 29. traders would travel in groups of merchants and animals to avoid bandits, etc
- 30. familial duty, idea in Confucianism
- 32. that was centered at lake texcoco, called the aztec as it expanded
- 33. something that remained the same over periods of time, continued to exist
- 34. floating rafts made of reed on which the 3 sister crops were planted
- 35. series of wars fought for the holy land, led to more connection between asia and europe (technology, ideas, culture)
- 36. places to rest, spend the night, etc that were spread out across the silk roads
- 38. people in Buddhism that reach nirvana but chose to help others reach there instead (seen as gods in east asia)
- 41. trade routes were created through the sahara desert after the introduction of camels; allowed for the spread of islam
- 47. the natural order of the universe
- 49. postal system established around the empire for faster communication (ports and stations all over the empire)
- 50. east asian belief system founded by Confucius, emphasizes the important of filial piety and doing one’s duty in society (key words social hierarchy, patriarchy, education, ethnocentric)
- 52. empire in east asia that dominated because of technological and commercial innovations in 1200
- 53. communication and trade network made throughout the empire
- 56. ruler who united all khanates through marriage and created the mongol empire
- 57. a unified state that controls large territories and states usually through conquest
- 58. one of many innovations in China that allowed for it to dominate east asian history
- 59. labor tax, required people to work to build city infrastructure for a certain amount of time
- 60. a mongol clan of sorts, each family had their own khanate