Period 5 Vocabulary

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  1. 3. Period of the French Revolution following the execution of King Louis XVI in 1793 and lasting until 1794. During this period, the government of France had anyone suspicious of being an enemy to the revolution, including nobles and priests, executed. More than 50,000 people were killed.
  2. 7. The Japanese political revolution in 1868 that ended the military government and returned the country to imperial rule under the emperor of Meiji.
  3. 10. A Chinese secret organization led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there in 1900.
  4. 12. This was an act signed in 1882 that restricted the immigration of Chinese people into the United States. This was the first significant law restricting immigration in the U.S.
  5. 14. This took place in Paris, France on July 14, 1789 and signaled the start of the French Revolution. The Bastille had been used as a state prison by Louis XVI until it was attacked by over 1,000 members of the Third Estate (majority of France).
  6. 17. A land deal between France and the United States in 1803 in which the U.S. acquired land west of the Mississippi river for fifteen million dollars, doubling the size of its territory. Fifteen new states were created from the land deal.
  7. 18. The rise of black and mulatto people in Haiti against all French occupants, occurring from 1791 to 1804 in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (which is now the country of Haiti). This was the only successful slave revolt in Period 5.
  8. 19. A political theory from Karl Marx that included the belief that violence and revolution is necessary to create a working government. In a communist system, land or factories were not owned by one person, but by the government or the public. This system emphasized equality but led many people to be unhappy with the workforce.
  9. 21. This was a privately owned company that was established to create trade relationships between Britain and Asia. It eventually became one of the most powerful organizations after it was able to maintain a monopoly on the importation of exotic goods including tea and silk.
  10. 22. This is a book written by Adam Smith, a Scottish economist with capitalistic views, that states that the population will always grow faster than food production.
  11. 24. This was a mass rebellion or civil war in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864 between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a cult-like group. This was a largely religious conflict against the Qing dynasty that eventually failed, despite the seizing of the city of Nanjing for ten years.
  12. 26. He was the leader of the Haitian Revolution during the French Revolution. He was born a slave in Haiti, but he led the only successful slave revolt in modern history.
  13. 29. Also called the South African Wars, were wars fought between Britain and Afrikaner (Boer) republics that resulted in British victory. The wars were fought in 1899 to 1902, and they were mostly for the control of the gold-mining complex in South Africa, since it was the largest in the world at that time.
  14. 30. A period of social and political uprising in France, beginning in 1789 and lasting until 1799. This was during the rule of Louis XVI and ultimately resulted in a complete change of the French social class.
  15. 34. He was a Mexican general and politician who also served seven terms as president of Mexico (for a total of 31 years) from 1848 to 1876. He was able to stay in power because he established a strong central government.
  16. 39. The revolutionary period calling for the end of Spanish rule and demanding land distribution and racial equality in New Spain. It began in 1810 and lasted until 1821 when the Mexican Empire was formed.
  17. 40. A United States policy beginning in 1823 that opposed European colonialism in the Americas, but still recognized that the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies.
  18. 42. These are French, Dutch, and German settlers who arrived in South Africa in the 17th century and developed their own language and culture over the years.
  19. 43. He was a U.S. naval officer who led an expedition to force Japan into trade with the West after more than two centuries of its isolation. Through his expedition, the United States became an equal power of economic exploitation in East Asia.
  20. 44. The absolute monarch of France from 1774-1792. He was the last king of France, as the monarchy was abolished in 1792 because to the French Revolution. He and his entire family was guillotined in 1793.
  21. 46. He was a French military leader and ruler who conquered much of Europe in the early 1800s. He seized political power in 1799 and crowned himself emperor in 1804. He waged war against many European nations and was able to expand the territory of France.
  22. 47. The belief that one’s loyalty should not be to a ruler or empire, but to a nation of people who share a common history. This belief arose from Germany and Italy in the 19th century.
  23. 48. An economic system in which private parties could place their own goods and services on the free market, allowing the supply and demand to change without government regulation. It began in Europe in the 1700s, and it increased industrialization and created new social classes.
  24. 49. He was a British naturalist who transformed biology in the 1800s with his theory of evolution, stating that all living things descended from one common ancestor.
  25. 50. The division of African territory by European powers during the period between 1881 and 1914. This was caused by the political competition of European nations that were becoming increasingly powerful.
Down
  1. 1. He was a German philosopher and economist who was famous for his theories about capitalism and communism. He wrote the Communist Manifesto which explained the theory of marxism.
  2. 2. This was a conflict between Japan and China from 1894 to 1895 that was fought over control of Korea. The war showed Japan as a major world power and exposed the weakness of the Chinese empire. It ultimately resulted in Korea declaring independence from China.
  3. 4. A heat engine that uses steam as a fuel to perform mechanical work. This was one of the most important inventions in the Industrial Revolution because it was used in many factories and mines. It was invented by Thomas Savery in 1698 and first used in Britain.
  4. 5. Two wars in 1839 and 1856 between Britain, France, and China, in which Britain and France claimed victory and gained legal and territorial concessions in China. The wars arose after China attempted the supress the opium trade from Britain and other foreign traders. Britain had been legally exporting opium to China which caused a widespread addiction in the Chinese population.
  5. 6. A class of workers whose only value in society is their ability to perform labor. This was a term used in Marxist theory, but it originated in France during the mid 19th century.
  6. 8. He was a Venezuelan soldier who led the revolutions against Spanish rule in Latin America. He eventually became the president of Gran Colombia and the dictator of Peru, and a newly liberated country was named after him: Bolivia.
  7. 9. He was the leader of the French group, the Jacobins, and he started the Reign of Terror but was later executed in 1794.
  8. 11. Multiple revolutions in Latin America that took place in the late 18th century and early 19th century, and resulted in the formation of many new independent countries. The Spanish colonies fought against Spain to gain power and influence over their own society.
  9. 13. This conference in 1884-1885 regulated European occupation and trade in Africa during the Scramble for Africa and discussed how to peacefully divide territory. It was proposed by Portugal but was led by the newly formed Germany.
  10. 15. This is a political party of India that was formed in 1885 that aided the Indian movement for independence from Britain.
  11. 16. In the late 1800s, women worked for economic and political equality and social reform to try and earn the right to vote in elections. This happened in the United States.
  12. 20. The formation of the German Empire in 1871 after several wars by the northern German state of Prussia against France and Denmark.
  13. 23. This was a social and political theory of Karl Marx that referred to the social class that played an influential role in economics and industrialization. The term originated in medieval France.
  14. 25. A large-scale shift to machinery and mass production in a country that originated in Britain in the late 1700s
  15. 27. A theory based on the discoveries of Charles Darwin that arose in the late 19th century in Britain. This theory related natural selection to human struggles of survival.
  16. 28. He was a Roman Catholic priest and a revolutionary who helped Mexico gain its independence. He was born in Penjamo, Mexico in 1753.
  17. 31. He was an 18th century navigator who mapped the Pacific, New Zealand, and Australia and changed western perceptions of world geography.
  18. 32. The Zulu declared war on the British after they forced labor on them in the diamond fields of South Africa and planned to create a South African federation. The war lasted for only six months and resulted in British victory.
  19. 33. A man made waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea, built in 1869 for more direct passage between Europe and Asia.
  20. 35. A steel making process in which metal is melted down and shaped into products, developed by Henry Bessemer in 1856. This was the first process that allowed steel to be manufactured inexpensively, and it originated in Britain.
  21. 36. This was a conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898 that arose from Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in the U.S. gaining territory in Latin America.
  22. 37. This was a law signed into action by president Andrew Jackson that authorized the president to give unsettled land west of the Mississippi river in exchange for Indian lands that were in state borders.
  23. 38. A cloth that was woven not by hand but by machine due to the increase in demand during the Industrial Revolution, originating in Britain.
  24. 41. The representative assembly of the three estates of France: the clergy (religious authorities), the nobility, and the majority. This assembly was first held in the 1300s, and it lasted until the French Revolution in 1792.
  25. 45. The democratic group that directed the French Revolution, but later instituted a state of “terror” where they arrested and often executed anyone suspicious of treason. The group originated in Versailles but ended in 1794 when the people of France overthrew its leader and banned the group.