Photosynthesis

3. The ultimate goal of the light-independent reactions (or Calvin cycle) is to assemble a molecule of…
4. light independent stage of photosynthesis
7. their important function is to provide photoprotection, by absorption and dissipation excessive light energy
14. protons will move through this specialized channel to create the energy molecule
15. Fixation, reduction and regeneration are the reactions taking place here
16. carbon dioxide fixation with ribulose bisphosphate
17. a graph showing the absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments
19. is the reaction-centre chlorophyll a of a photosystem II
20. enzyme essential for the light-independent reaction
22. process of combining glucose molecules together
23. loss of electrons

1. it consists of various pigment molecules which absorbs photons, pass them further to a pair of “chlorophyll a” and finally to a primary electron acceptor.
2. a stack of thylakoids
5. 5 carbon molecule that is carboxylated in the light-independent stages
6. where the light-dependent reactions take place and produce energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH
8. is the electron carrier in photosynthesis and is not produced in cyclic photophosphorylation
9. splitting of water
10. It is a part of the photosystem and by accepting electrons it becomes reduced
11. electron flow pushes electrons from this molecule, where they are at a state of low potential energy, ultimately to NADPH, where they are stored at a state of high potential energy.
12. where protons accumulate in the light-dependent stages
13. gaining electrons
18. It is composed of a reaction-center complex, and several light-harvesting complexes.
21. During the light stage, the pH in the thylakoid space drops to about 5, and the pH in the stroma increases to about 8, and this gradient of three pH units corresponds to a thousandfold different in H+ ……….