Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Across
  1. 9. A three-carbon molecule produced in glycolysis.
  2. 11. The synthesis of ATP from reduced coenzymes and oxygen in the electron transfer chain of aerobic respiration (9,15).
  3. 13. A three-carbon compound formed in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis that may be converted into useful organic substances or used to regenerate ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)(6,9).
  4. 16. A five-carbon compound which reacts with carbon dioxide in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis to form two molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate (GP)(8,12).
  5. 17. Reaction that is the second stage of aerobic respiration.
  6. 18. A series of oxidation-reduction reactions in the matrix of the mitochondria in which acetyl coenzyme A is oxidised generating reduced NAD, reduced FAD, ATP and carbon dioxide (5,5).
  7. 19. The final electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain.
  8. 21. The synthesis of ATP through the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase (12,6).
Down
  1. 1. The first stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration that takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
  2. 2. An enzyme found embedded in cellular membranes that phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it (1,1,1,8).
  3. 3. A form of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen.
  4. 4. Location of the light independent stage of photosynthesis.
  5. 5. Membranes where the light dependent stage of photosynthesis takes place.
  6. 6. Molecules that help enzymes carry out their function e.g. NAD, FAD, NADP.
  7. 7. The loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen in a substance.
  8. 8. A photosynthetic pigment located in the thylakoids of chloroplasts that absorbs light energy and becomes ionised.
  9. 10. The splitting of a molecule of water in the presence of light that occurs during the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis.
  10. 12. A two-carbon molecule formed in the link reaction. It is oxidised in the Krebs cycle (6,8,1).
  11. 14. An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of RuBP and carbon dioxide in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.
  12. 15. A chlorophyll molecule absorbs light energy causing a pair of electrons within it to become excited, raised to a higher energy level, and leave the molecule.
  13. 20. The gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen in a substance.