Across
- 2. when each carbon atom is bonded to four neighboring atoms by four single covalent bonds
- 4. any solution containing an equal number of hydronium and hydroxide ions
- 5. any organic molecule that contains a benzene ring
- 7. how the atoms are connected in an atom
- 8. the sum of atomic masses of the elements in its chemical formula
- 10. general term for any ionic compound formed from the reaction between an acid and a base
- 12. energy that is absorbed as a bond breaks or the energy that is released as a bond forms
- 16. organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
- 18. a carbonyl-containing organic molecule in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a nitrogen atom
- 19. any chemical that donates a hydrogen ion
- 23. a rapid oxidation-reduction reaction between a nonmetallic material and molecular oxygen
- 25. the process whereby a metal deteriorates
- 26. organic compounds structurally related to alcohols
- 27. substance whose ability to behave as an acid is about the same as its ability to behave as a base
- 28. any material that conducts electrons into or out of a medium in which electrochemical reactions are occurring
- 29. acid a carbonyl-containing organic molecule in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to a hydroxyl group
- 30. a combination of atoms that behave as a unit
- 32. the carbonyl carbon is bonded either to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom
- 33. the minimum energy required to overcome the energy barrier of breaking bonds
- 37. electrons gained by chemicals at the cathode originate here
- 41. formed when the joining of monomer units is accompanied by the loss of a smaller molecule
- 43. electrode where chemicals are reduced
- 46. the use of electric energy to produce chemical change
- 48. the reaction between an acid and a base
- 50. a carbonyl-containing organic molecule in which the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two carbon atoms
- 51. generic term for saturated hydrocarbons
Down
- 1. molecules with the same molecular formula but different configurations
- 3. a hydrocarbon containing a multiple bond, either double or triple
- 6. reacting substances in a chemical reaction
- 9. these form by joining monomer units
- 11. matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
- 13. a numeric scale used to express the acidity of a solution
- 14. the mass of 1 mole of the substance
- 15. a water molecule without the nucleus of one of the hydrogen atoms
- 17. where a reactant gains one or more electrons
- 20. reactions where there is a net absorption of energy
- 21. molecule with different spatial orientations
- 22. the study of the relationship between electric energy and chemical change
- 24. exceedingly long molecules that consist of repeating molecular units
- 31. any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering its activation energy
- 34. reactions where there is a net release of energy
- 35. is the process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons
- 36. newly formed substances in a chemical reaction
- 38. any chemical that accepts a hydrogen ion
- 39. a water molecule with an extra proton
- 40. organic molecule similar to carboxylic acid except that the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a carbon
- 42. any atom other than carbon or hydrogen in an organic molecule
- 44. organic molecules in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to a saturated carbon
- 45. how quickly the concentration of products increases or how quickly the concentration of reactants decreases
- 47. unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds
- 49. these contain a phenolic group consisting of a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring