PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

2. Large, slow-moving masses of ice that shape the landscape through erosion and deposition.
4. Soil and rock that remain frozen year-round in cold regions.
9. The deposition of sediment, including rock fragments, sand, and silt, in a new location.
10. Flat areas of land adjacent to rivers that are subject to periodic flooding.
14. The short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.
16. erosion The loss of soil due to the removal of vegetation, wind, and water
17. The natural features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and canyons.
19. Large, flowing bodies of water that carry sediment and nutrients from the mountains to the ocean.

1. The sudden and rapid shaking of the Earth's surface due to the release of energy stored in rocks.
3. The long-term average weather patterns of a region, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind.
5. plates The large, rigid sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact at plate boundaries due to convection currents in the mantle.
6. boundaries The zones where tectonic plates meet and interact, including divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries.
7. The physical and chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface.
8. Openings in the Earth's surface through which molten rock, ash, and gas escape.
9. The top layer of the Earth's surface, composed of organic and mineral material, that supports plant growth.
11. matter The decomposing remains of plants and animals that provide nutrients to the soil.
12. Low-lying areas between mountains or hills that are often shaped by rivers and streams.
13. Deep, narrow valleys with steep sides that are usually carved by rivers.
15. The natural process by which soil, rock, and sediment are transported from one place to another by wind, water, ice, and gravity.
18. High, steep landforms that rise above the surrounding landscape.