Across
- 1. This dry climate zone receives less than 25 cm of rain per year and includes deserts like the Sahara.
- 3. This term describes the long-term changes in temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions on Earth.
- 9. This atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer, which absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
- 11. Magma that reaches the Earth's surface is called this.
- 13. This coastal ecosystem is where fresh and saltwater mix, creating a highly productive environment for marine life.
- 14. This imaginary line divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
- 16. This biome is known for its tall grasses and few trees, and is found in regions like Africa and North America.
- 18. This renewable energy source is produced by harnessing the power of moving water.
- 22. This form of renewable energy comes from organic materials such as plant and animal waste.
- 24. This climate zone, found in the Arctic and Antarctic, has extremely cold temperatures and ice-covered landscapes.
- 25. This innermost layer of the Earth is composed mostly of iron and nickel.
- 27. This type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
- 29. This climate zone is characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall year-round, found near the equator.
- 30. This phenomenon refers to the increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities.
- 32. This climate zone experiences four distinct seasons, with cold winters and warm summers, common in much of North America and Europe.
- 33. This sudden, rapid flow of snow down a mountainside can be very destructive.
- 35. This climate zone, found in areas like the Mediterranean, has hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
- 36. Auroras are primarily seen in this layer of Earth's atmosphere.
- 37. These are the large sections of Earth's crust that move and interact at their boundaries.
- 38. This type of renewable energy is generated from the Earth's internal heat.
- 39. This term refers to the point when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, marking the longest and shortest days.
- 40. Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of this gas.
Down
- 2. This type of forest is characterized by heavy rainfall and high biodiversity.
- 4. This thick middle layer of the Earth is made of silicate minerals and is responsible for convection currents that drive plate tectonics.
- 5. This natural occurrence, caused by the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere, is essential for life but can be harmful in excess.
- 6. These large masses of ice move slowly over land.
- 7. This precious gemstone is the hardest natural material on Earth.
- 8. This type of landform is a large, flat-topped area that rises sharply above the surrounding area.
- 10. This outermost solid layer of the Earth includes both the continental and oceanic types.
- 12. This is the region where two tectonic plates meet and interact, often causing earthquakes and volcanic activity.
- 15. This type of rock is formed from existing rock transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical processes.
- 17. This weather phenomenon can cause extensive flooding and is characterized by a rapid rise in water levels.
- 19. This layer of the Earth is semi-molten and lies directly below the lithosphere.
- 20. This international agreement aims to limit global temperature rise by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- 21. This phenomenon occurs when water vapor cools and changes back into liquid droplets, forming clouds.
- 23. This type of rock is formed by the accumulation and compression of sediment.
- 26. This natural event is caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, creating seismic waves.
- 28. This force keeps us grounded on Earth.
- 31. This term refers to the envelope of gases surrounding Earth.
- 34. This process involves the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces.