Physical Geography: Chapter 11

5. Trees that are adorned with thin slivers of tough, leathery, waxy needles rather than typical leaves.
8. The elevation above which trees cannot survive.
12. Animals without backbones.
13. Plants that perish during times of climatic stress, but leave behind a reservoir of seeds to germinate.
14. Seed producers which carry their seeds in cones.
15. Tree experiences an annual period in which all leaves die and usually fall from the tree.

1. Tree-dominated plant associations in which the trees are spaced more widely apart and do not have interlacing canopies.
2. Tree that has leaves that are flat and expansive.
3. Plants that survive seasonal fluctuations from year to year.
4. Animals that have a backbone, which protects the main nerve.
6. Tree that sheds its leaves on a sporadic or successive basis but always appears to be fully leaved.
7. A transition zones of competition in which the typical species of one biome intermingle with those of another.
9. Seed producers where their seeds are encased in a protective body, such as a fruit, nut, or pod.
10. Consist of trees growing so close together that their individual leaf canopies generally overlap.
11. The only vertebrates that can breathe underwater.