Across
- 2. a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.
- 4. depression in a glacial outwash drift made by the melting of a detached mass of glacial ice that became wholly or partly buried.
- 6. the history of Earth as recorded in the rocks that make up its crust.
- 10. material carried away from a glacier by meltwater and deposited beyond the moraine.
- 12. a method of dating geological or archeological specimens by determining the relative proportions of particular radioactive isotopes present in a sample
- 13. a long, narrow, winding ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial or englacial meltwater stream; may range from 16 to 160 feet (5 to 50 m) in height, from 160 to 1,600 feet (500 m) in width, and a few hundred feet to tens of miles in length.
- 14. the grade measured by the ratio of drop in elevation of a stream per unit horizontal distance, usually expressed as meters per kilometer or feet per mile.
- 15. a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier. Since the ice forms from the incremental buildup of annual layers of snow, lower layers are older than upper, and this sample contains ice formed over a range of years.
- 18. the geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.
- 19. the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
- 20. unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no stratification; sometimes called boulder clay because it is composed of clay, boulders of intermediate sizes, or a mixture of these.
- 22. the volumetric flow rate of water that is transported through a given cross-sectional area. It includes any suspended solids (e.g. sediment), dissolved chemicals (e.g. CaCO3(aq)), or biologic material (e.g. diatoms) in addition to the water itself.
- 24. the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology
- 25. the age of the earth
- 26. material moved by geologic forces from one location to another, usually by a glacier; formed by glacial ice erosion resulting from the movement of ice.
Down
- 1. the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
- 3. any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth, through geomorphological processes.
- 5. earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building in general which is common at plate boundaries, where the edges of two (or more) plates are in contact along huge linear zones of faulting.
- 7. the science of determining the relative order of past events (i.e., the age of an object in comparison to another), without necessarily determining their absolute age (i.e. estimated age)
- 8. all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
- 9. a basic law of geochronology, stating that in any undisturbed sequence of rocks deposited in layers, the youngest layer is on top and the oldest on bottom, each layer being younger than the one beneath it and older than the one above it.
- 11. a principle of geologythat states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features. It is a relative dating technique in geology.
- 16. a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
- 17. the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a solid, continuous or discontinuou smass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently with characteristics of a flow as in debris flows and mudflows.
- 21. the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
- 23. an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.