Across
- 1. Body an object that absorbs all radiation that falls on it and emits radiation across the entire spectrum of energy. Kind of like a sponge but in space and for energy not water.
- 4. a measure of how hot or cold something is. It's not just about feeling warm or cold, its also a way to measure how fast or slow particles are traveling.
- 7. Capacity the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius. How much energy needed to begin heating a substance.
- 10. Energy Think of this as the total energy stored within a substance's particles. It includes both the total PE and KE.
- 12. Translational Kinetic Energy This is the energy associated with the random movement of particles in all directions. It shows us how they collide, move, and vibrate with each other.
- 14. Theory of Matter This theory explains that all matter, from the tiniest grain of sand to the largest star, is composed of small particles in constant motion. These particles are always buzzing around, even if we can't see them. They can both move, slide, vibrate and collied with each other.
- 15. This is the process by which heat is transferred through direct contact between particles. For example, when you touch a hot pan, the heat energy transfers to your hand.
- 19. Heat Capacity the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius per unit mass. It is how much a substance resists the change in temperature before actually changing.
- 21. the total amount of light energy emitted by an object per unit time.
Down
- 2. Brightness how bright an object appears from a certain distance, taking into account factors like its luminosity, distance from the observer, and any intervening obstacles. It is how we compare different stars and their distances from earth.
- 3. Change this refers to the transition of a substance from one state of matter to another, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas. Like ice melting to water, a solid changing to a liquid.
- 5. Unit (AU) This unit is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun, roughly 93 million miles. This helps us to measure our orbite around the sun and other planets as well.
- 6. the transfer of energy through waves like light or heat. This does not require a medium to travel through.
- 8. Heat the heat absorbed or released during a phase change without a change in temperature.
- 9. In fluids like liquids and gases, heat transfer occurs through this term. Heat causes parts of them to rise and cooling causes some parts to fall.
- 11. Heat Capacity the amount of heat required to change the phase of a unit mass of a substance. It's like the specific energy needed to trigger a phase change in a substance.
- 13. Law This rule describes the relationship between the temperature of an object and the wavelength of the peak radiation it emits.Basically the hotter something is the shorter the wavelength.
- 16. This is what tells us how tightly packed the particles of a substance are within a given substance. It's like how many people are squeezed into a room, the more packed the room is the higher the density.
- 17. the measure the amount of energy per unit area per unit time, often used to describe the brightness of light sources. The higher intensity the further away you can see it.
- 18. Year the distance that light travels in one year, used as a unit of measurement for astronomical distances. Its a space ruler used when studying stars.
- 20. A blank is a device used to measure the heat absorbed or released during a chemical or physical process. It helps track heat flow in experiments.