Physiological, pathological and physical changes of musculoskeletal system occurring with increasing age.

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Across
  1. 1. Aging is associated with a higher prevalence of XX that have lost their ability to divide (diminished mitotic activity). The loss of XX is facilitated by trauma and excessive mechanical loading and may be mediated by increased oxidative stress associated with loading.
  2. 3. older chondrocytes have reduced ability to XX components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen and ground substance.
  3. 4. As people age, the cartilage inside a joint becomes thinner, and components of the cartilage (the XX—substances that help provide the cartilage's resilience) become altered, which may make the joint less resilient and more susceptible to damage.
  4. 8. Skeletal muscle comprises approximately 40% of the human body weight and contains between 50% and 70% of all proteins in the human body. Therefore, muscle XX is an important determinant of muscle dysfunction in elderly
  5. 9. Loss of muscle (XX) is a process that starts around age 30 and progresses throughout life.
  6. 10. the surfaces of the joint do not slide as well over each other as they used to which may lead to XX
Down
  1. 2. Many of the age-associated changes seen in the musculoskeletal system can be partially modified with an active lifestyle and appropriate XX training.
  2. 5. Stiffness of the collagen network in many tissues, including articular cartilage, increases with age because of an increase in cross-links by advanced XX end products.
  3. 6. Some of the most important contributors to the functional loss leading to impairment and disability are the multiple changes in XX and function of the musculoskeletal system.
  4. 7. A well-known change in bone health with advanced adult age is a reduction in bone mineral content and XX.