Physiology of CVS

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  1. 5. This property of the heart is optimised by features like the absolute refractory period and relative refractory period.
  2. 6. A rare condition caused by a combination of four heart defects that are present at birth. (abbreviation)
  3. 12. Type A people, who tend to get angry and _______ easily, are more likely to get heart attacks.
  4. 13. Beneficial in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
  5. 14. Spontaneous action potential at the sino-atrial node caused by a net inward current, which progressively brings the membrane potential to threshold.
  6. 15. A class of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension (abbreviation)
  7. 16. A type of heart attack that gets its name because it doesn't have an easily identifiable electrical pattern (ST elevation) like the other main types of heart attacks (abbreviation)
  8. 18. This property of the heart is often abnormal or lost in cases of cardiac dysfunction or cardiac failure, and can be detected when the ECG waveform appears inconsistent in terms of frequency.
  9. 20. Foramen ovale, when failed to close after birth.
Down
  1. 1. This property of the heart allows impulses generated at the sino-atrial node to be transmitted to all myocardial cells of the atria and ventricles.
  2. 2. A short-chain fatty acid, that acutely lowers heart rate and cardiac contractility along with blood pressure.
  3. 3. Located in the base region of the heart.
  4. 4. This vascular system supplies blood to the heart.
  5. 7. The leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. (abbreviation)
  6. 8. ___________ hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic, in optimal doses.
  7. 9. The first chamber that experiences systole in the cardiac cycle (abbreviation)
  8. 10. A ‘mini stroke’ (abbreviation)
  9. 11. The sino-atrial node is also known as the primary ____maker site of the heart.
  10. 12. A metal complex with iron as the central metal atom, that can bind or release molecular oxygen.
  11. 17. All but one carry oxygenated blood.
  12. 19. Drugs like digoxin, have small differences in dose or blood concentration that may lead to serious therapeutic failures and/or adverse drug reactions that are life-threatening (abbreviation)