Across
- 1. a tropical gymnosperm in the phylum Cycadophyta that grows as a short shrub or tree, characterized by large, fern-like leaves and brightly-colored seed cones.
- 3. structure in angiosperms consisting of male and female reproductive structures that attracts animal pollinators.
- 10. early growth and development of a plant embryo in a seed.
- 11. nonvascular plants that have leaf-like, lobed, or ribbon-like photosynthetic tissues; a division of bryophyte plants; probably similar to the first land plants.
- 13. vascular seedless plant with large divided leaves called fronds; more plant-like than the clubmosses; have stems, leaves, and roots.
- 14. an early aquatic algae with stalks and rhizoids; had distinct male and female reproductive structures, similar to modern plants.
- 15. small nonvascular plants with no leaves or roots that have coarse, multicellular rhizoids; a division of bryophyte plants.
Down
- 1. examples of gymnosperms, such as pine and spruce trees; cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue.
- 2. vascular plant similar to the nonvascular moss, but with roots, stems, and leaves; similar to early vascular plants.
- 4. diploid cell that forms when two haploid gametes unite during fertilization.
- 5. tough, hydrophobic carbohydrate molecule that stiffens and waterproofs vascular tissues of plants.
- 6. type of seed plant that produces bare seeds in cones.
- 7. nonvascular plant that has long, pointed sporophytes like tiny horns; a division of bryophyte plants.
- 8. structure produced by a seed plant that contains an embryo and food supply enclosed within a tough coat.
- 9. type of seed plant that produces seeds in the ovary of a flower.
- 10. a gymnosperm in the phylum Ginkgophyta that dates back 270 million years, with only one remaining living species (Ginkgo biloba); known as a living fossil.
- 12. hair-like structure in a nonvascular plant that absorbs water and minerals and anchors the plant to a surface.