Plant Physiology

4. Plant cells contain a specialized cell-to-cell communication pathways known as ______.
5. These are complex molecules of high molecular weight composed of a large number of monosaccharide joined through glycosidic bonds; insoluble in water and lack sweetness.
6. It is the acquisition or acceleration of the ability of the plants to flower by a chilling treatment.
9. It is the production of new individual plants or offspring by sexual or asexual means; the plant process that increases plant numbers.
11. It is a process whereby the water from the cytoplasm of cells is removed causing the cytoplasm to shrink.
12. These are hormones which are growth promoting chemicals; promote cell division and cell elongation.
14. It is a special type of diffusion wherein the net movement of water is along a diffusion gradient.
17. Glucose is brought across the cell's plasma membrane as the first step in its catabolism. Then, glucose is broken down and converted into two molecules of pyruvate.
18. It is a biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidized with a subsequent release of CO2.
19. It provides a means of rerouting photosynthate if the existing phloem is altered (singular).

1. These are small particles suspended in water with sometimes glue-like consistency; smaller than “suspension” particles and larger than true solute particles.
2. It is an arrested growth because of the lack of some necessary external environmental factors.
3. The first step in protein synthesis is the ________ of mRNA from a DNA gene in the nucleus.
7. It is the interconversion of aldose and ketose sugars.
8. _____ plant nutrients are elements that are required or necessary for plants to complete their life cycle.
10. It is the process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation.
13. It is a disaccharide, condensation product of glucose and fructose; principal form in which CH2O is transported in higher plants.
15. It is a special type of diffusion which is actually the movement of water through a differentially permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
16. It is the removal of electrons from a compound usually accompanied by the removal of hydrogen.
17. It is a protein composite that appears in food processed from wheat and related species, including barley and rye.