Across
- 3. A piece of a plant stem or root cut off and used to grow a new individual plant through vegetative propagation.
- 8. Reproduction A form of asexual plant reproduction where a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant such as stem cuttings runners or tubers.
- 9. A specific type of pesticide used to destroy unwanted vegetation or weeds.
- 10. Varieties Groupings of plants within a species that have unique distinctive characteristics developed naturally or artificially.
- 11. Content (Humus) Dark rich soil material made of decayed organic matter (plants and animals) that provides essential nutrients.
- 12. The passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
- 14. The process by which a seed begins to sprout and grow into a young plant (seedling).
- 15. A main deep root that grows vertically downward with smaller lateral roots (e.g. carrots).
- 18. The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
- 21. The amount of useful plant product harvested per unit of land area.
- 22. Natural or synthetic materials added to soil to supply one or more nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
- 23. The tough stringy tissue of plants (such as cotton hemp or flax) that humans harvest to make materials like clothing rope and paper.
- 25. Environment Ecosystems intentionally modified or controlled by humans to maximize production such as farms gardens and greenhouses.
- 26. The squeezing together of soil particles reducing the pore spaces between them which limits air and water movement.
- 27. Control A method of controlling pests using other living organisms such as introducing natural predators (e.g. ladybugs to eat aphids).
- 28. Characteristics The distinct physical and chemical traits of soil including its composition structure and ability to hold nutrients.
- 29. Soil Soil consisting of larger particles that do not compact drain water very quickly and hold few nutrients.
- 30. The underground structure of a plant that anchors it to the ground, absorbs water and dissolved nutrients from the soil, and sometimes stores food.
- 32. Roots A shallow system of many thin spreading roots of roughly equal size (e.g. grass).
- 33. The process by which green plants use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to produce food (glucose) and release oxygen.
Down
- 1. The primary organ of photosynthesis and gas exchange in most plants.
- 2. Managing resources in a way that meets current human needs for food and fibre without damaging or depleting the environment for future generations.
- 4. The agricultural practice of growing a single crop variety over a large area of land.
- 5. The transfer of pollen from the male parts of a flower (anther) to the female parts (stigma) often aided by wind water or pollinators like bees.
- 6. Cycle The complete series of changes or stages in growth and development that a plant goes through from a seed to a mature plant that produces its own seeds.
- 7. A chemical substance used to kill pests including insects that damage crops.
- 10. Propagation The process of growing new plants from a variety of sources which can be sexual (seeds) or asexual.
- 13. The movement of fluids (water minerals sugars) through specialized plant tissues.
- 14. Exchange The physical process by which plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis or vice versa during cellular respiration.
- 16. The process by which water vapor escapes from a plant’s leaves into the atmosphere creating a pull that draws water up through the stem.
- 17. A technology used to grow plants in a nutrient-rich water solution without any soil.
- 19. The structural axis of the plant that supports leaves and flowers and transports water minerals and manufactured food throughout the plant.
- 20. A flowering plant's unit of reproduction capable of developing into another such plant containing an embryo and nutrient storage.
- 23. The reproductive structure found in flowering plants (angiosperms) responsible for producing seeds.
- 24. The accumulation of soluble salts in the soil often caused by poor irrigation practices which can degrade soil health and kill crops.
- 26. Soil Soil consisting of extremely fine particles that compact easily hold a lot of water but drain very poorly.
- 31. Breeding The process used by humans to develop new plant varieties by choosing specific parent plants with desirable traits to reproduce.