Plate Tectonics

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Across
  1. 6. the outermost layer of the Earth (lithosphere) is divided into contiguous sections (plates) that move relative to each other causing continental drift, seafloor spreading, and the formation of major physical features of the Earth’s surface
  2. 9. crack in the Earth's crust, happens along transform boundaries
  3. 12. are places where plates slide sideways past each other.
  4. 13. difference in elevation between any two contour lines on a topographic map
  5. 17. where two plates are moving toward each other. If the two plates are of equal density, they usually push up against each other, forming a mountain chain. If they are of unequal density, one plate usually sinks beneath the other in a subduction zone.
  6. 18. a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
  7. 19. the relationship between the measurements on a model. Map or diagram and the actual measurement of distance.
  8. 21. Alfred Wegner’s explanation of continents slowly moving and changing their positions relative to one another
  9. 23. the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at mid ocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
  10. 24. map symbol showing shape and / or change in elevation on a topographic map
Down
  1. 1. a large elongated depression with steep walls formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth's surface between nearly parallel faults or fault systems.
  2. 2. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.
  3. 3. any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean bottom in which occur the maximum oceanic depths, approximately 7,300 to more than 11,000 metres (24,000 to 36,000 feet). They typically form in locations where one tectonic plate subducts under another.
  4. 4. the shape of the Earth’s surface and the way its physical features are arranged, especially in terms of their positions and elevations
  5. 5. on a map, a darker, heavier contour line that is usually every fifth line.
  6. 7. was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras
  7. 8. a place in the upper mantle of the earth at which hot magma from the lower mantle upwells to melt through the crust usually in the interior of a tectonic plate to form a volcanic feature
  8. 10. map showing the shape and elevation of the land surface using contour lines
  9. 11. a measure of the slant of a line
  10. 14. a curved chain of volcanic islands located at a tectonic plate margin, typically with a deep ocean trench on the convex side.
  11. 15. the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
  12. 16. geology the process of one tectonic plate sliding under another, resulting in tensions and faulting in the earth's crust, with earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
  13. 20. the difference between the highest and lowest elevation in a given area.
  14. 22. is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary.