Across
- 6. Formed by subduction when a continental plate and oceanic plate converge
- 9. Layer of the Earth that is makes Earth a magnet
- 11. A large area of the land on Earth, such as Africa and Europe
- 13. Seismic waves that shake the ground back and forth, also known as compressional waves
- 14. Where two continental plates converge is called the _________
- 17. Seismic waves that occur on the Earth’s surface
- 18. The science that deals with nature and earth history
- 22. A massive continent, Pangaea is one
- 24. Something that records details of earthquakes including force and duration
- 26. Place within the Mantle where rocks melt to generate magma under volcanoes
- 28. The centre of Earth, the inner most layer
- 32. The founder of the continental drift theory Alfred ______
- 34. Hot fluid withing and below the Earth’s crust.
- 35. Basaltic lava forming very rough and jagged masses
- 37. The northern continent after Pangaea split
- 39. A process by which water-saturated sediment temporarily loses strength and acts as a fluid
- 40. A ______ volcano is composed of one layer of hardened lava, tephra and volcanic ash
- 42. The planet we live on
- 43. A fracture between two blocks of hard rock
- 47. The point directly above the focus.
- 48. When two tectonic plates slide against eachother
- 50. If a volcano is inactive but may erupt again it is considered _______
- 52. A violent shaking of the ground as a result of movements within the Earth’s crust
- 54. Seismic waves that occur in the Earth’s crust and move up and down
- 55. Where the seismic waves originate
Down
- 1. There are 12 of these that make up the Earth’s surface
- 2. Upper layer of the Earth’s mantle, below the lithosphere
- 3. A ________ is composed of one layer of hardened lava, tephra and volcanic ash
- 4. A mountain having a vent where lava, rock fragmens, hot vapour and gas will erupt from
- 5. A small earthquake that occurs after the main earthquake
- 7. If a volcano has no record of every erupting it is considered ________
- 8. When two tectonic plates collide together
- 10. A numerical scale for measuring the magnitude of an earthquake
- 12. The edges were two tectonic plates meet is called _____
- 15. Layer of the Earth where convection currents occur
- 16. A layer of the Earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle
- 19. The thinnest and outer most layer of the Earth
- 20. When two oceanic plates diverge and the sea floor spreads it creates a ______
- 21. The southern continent after Pangaea split
- 23. A _______ volcano is steep and has volcanic materials built up around the volcanic vent
- 25. When one tectonic plate slides under the other when converging
- 27. Tectonic plate that sits underwater and is the thinner plate type
- 29. A series of large waves caused by underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
- 30. A theory that ecplained how continents shift positions on the Earth’s surface
- 31. Hot molten rock erupted from a volcano.
- 33. Basaltic lava forming smooth undulating or ropy masses
- 36. If a volcano erupts frequently it is considered ______
- 38. The size of the volcanoes is measured in this unit
- 41. Tectonic plate that sits under land and is the thicker plate
- 44. Flowing fluid that is moving because there is a temperature or density difference
- 45. When two continental plates diverge and the surface spreads apart they create a _______
- 46. When two tectonic plates move away from eachother
- 49. A small earthquakes that occurs before the major earthquake
- 51. A _______ volcano has shallowly sloping sides, built up over time by flows of lava
- 53. The supercontinent believed to have once existed