Across
- 6. Flow of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases down the side of a volcano during an explosive eruption
- 8. Boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
- 9. Space below ground filled with magma
- 11. Hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations
- 15. Area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time
- 16. Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake
- 18. String of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench
- 21. Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
- 22. Major belt of volcanoes that surrounds the Pacific Ocean
- 24. Pulling of a tectonic plate as its edge subducts deep in the mantle
- 26. Shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface
- 27. Theory that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
- 28. Molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
Down
- 1. Point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus
- 2. Mountain through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are erupted from the earth’s crust
- 3. Point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
- 4. Bowl-shaped area that may form at the top of a volcano around the vent
- 5. Boundary between two tectonics plate that are moving away from each other
- 7. Magma that reaches Earth’s surface
- 10. Process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle
- 12. Process in which new material at a ridge pushes older material aside
- 13. Formation of new ocean crust as a result of magma pushing upward and outward from Earth’s mantle to the surface
- 14. Rock fragments and particles ejected by a volcanic eruption
- 17. Boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding
- 19. Large crater caused when it collapses due to a violent explosion
- 20. Graph of arrival times of seismic waves that determines the focus of an earthquake
- 23. Fracture along which movement occurs
- 25. Deformation of materials in response to stress