Plate Tectonics vocabulary

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Across
  1. 5. This layer of the earth lies between the mantle and the solid inner core. It is the only liquid layer, a sea of mostly iron and nickel about 1,400 miles (2,300 km) thick. Text page 191
  2. 6. The name given to the supercontinent that existed more than 225 million years ago, in which the present-day continents were joined together in one large landmass. Text page 194
  3. 7. The process that forms new ocean floor and oceanic crust. Magma oozes up from the mantle through a crack in the ocean floor, filling in the space between the plates and spreading out from the plate boundary. Text page 196
  4. 9. Hard and rigid, the earth's outermost and thinnest layer. It is only a few miles (5 km) thick under the oceans and averages 20 miles (30 km) thick under the continents. Text page 190
  5. 11. The boundary that occurs where two plates slide past each other. Text page 201
  6. 14. A layer of the earth's crust that lies under the seven continents. It is about 20 to 40 miles (35 to 70 km) thick and very old. Text page 191
  7. 15. The border between two tectonic plates.
  8. 16. A hot, malleable semiliquid zone in the upper mantle, directly underneath the lithosphere, on which the plates of the lithosphere move (or float). Text page 191
  9. 18. This dense layer of the earth is made of hot, semisolid rock and is located directly below the crust. It is about 1,800 miles (2,900 km) thick. Text page 190
  10. 19. A crack or fracture in Earth's crust where two tectonic plates grind past each other in a horizontal direction. Text page 232
  11. 20. A trembling and shaking of the earth's surface resulting from the sudden release of energy in the crust, either along fault lines or from volcanic activity. Text page 230
  12. 21. Made up of the crust and a tiny bit of the upper mantle, this zone is divided into several constantly (very slowly) moving plates of solid rock that hold the continents and oceans. Text page 191
Down
  1. 1. The innermost layer of the earth, an extremely hot, solid sphere of mostly iron and nickel. The inner core is 3,200 to 3,960 miles (5,150 to 6,378 km) below the surface and about 750 miles (1,200 km) thick. Text page 191
  2. 2. The boundary that occurs where two plates are moving apart from each other. Text page 201
  3. 3. The type of crust lying under the oceans of the world. It is only 4 to 6 miles (7 to 10 km) thick and usually younger than continental crust. Text page 191
  4. 4. The boundary that occurs where two plates are pushing toward each other. Text page 210
  5. 8. The place where one plate is getting bent and pulled under the edge of another plate. Text page 200
  6. 10. Several large slabs of the lithosphere that hold the continents and oceans and are slowly but constantly moving around the earth.  Text page 198
  7. 12. A raised area or mountain range under the oceans formed when magma fills the space between two tectonic plates that are spreading apart. Text page 195
  8. 13. Molten rock that flows beneath the earth's surface and is made up of gases, liquids, and crystals. When magma reaches the surface, it is called lava. Text page 266
  9. 17. A huge ocean wave caused by a sudden, powerful shift on the ocean floor, like an undersea earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption. Text page 249
  10. 22. A deep valley that forms at the edge of a continent when an oceanic plate sinks underneath a continental plate. Text page 267