Across
- 4. the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur
- 5. an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
- 7. Where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other ←→
- 11. a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods. Also the name of Ms. Dauphin’s dalmatian puppy!
- 12. an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere move toward one another and collide. -><-
- 13. the outermost layer of a planet. The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.
- 15. a type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal plate moving alongside one another
- 16. was a theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface
- 18. an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs can only barely detect an earthquake after its seismic waves have passed through the Earth
- 20. layer between the crust and the outer core. The mantle makes up about 84% of Earth's volume.
Down
- 1. a process in which a section of the earth's crust is folded and deformed by compression to form a mountain range.
- 2. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
- 3. a geographic region with a characteristic geomorphology,each having a specific character, relief, and environment which contributes to its uniqueness.
- 6. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
- 8. the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
- 9. The central or innermost portion of the Earth, lying below the mantle and probably consisting of iron and nickel.
- 10. the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
- 11. theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
- 14. a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
- 17. a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake
- 19. is a crack in the Earth's crust. Typically, faults are associated with, or form, the boundaries between Earth's tectonic plates.