Plate Tectonics

1. hardened pieces of lava
3. this occurs when rock layers bend under stress
4. type of fault common along convergent boundaries
5. materials that are made of hot ash and bits of rock
7. any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground
11. the Appalachian Mountains are this kind of mountain
12. type of stress that squeezes or pushes rock together
13. type of boundary in which two plates move past each other horizontally
14. type of volcano with a broad base and gently sloping sides
16. type of stress that stretches or pulls rock apart
20. directly above the focus on Earth’s surface
21. the single large landmass that existed before the continents moved to their present-day location
23. the outermost, rigid layer of Earth; divided up into pieces called tectonic plates
24. a place within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs
26. seafloor spreading takes place at mid-ocean ______________
28. type of volcano that has alternating layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic material
30. the crack that forms when large blocks of rock break and move past each other
31. opening of a volcano

1. large basin-shaped depression that forms due to a collapsed magma chamber
2. movement of material due to differences in density
6. this national park has a hot spot on land
8. region of hot, slow-flowing, solid rock; located between the core and the crust
9. the process in which the shaking of an earthquake turns soft soil into liquid mud
10. a series of long waves that can travel outward in all directions from the point where an earthquake occurred
11. __________ eruptions happen when lava flows from giant cracks in Earth’s surface
15. magma that has reached Earth’s surface
17. the process by which rocks change shape when under stress
18. in the late 1800, he proposed the hypothesis of continental drift
19. substance found in magma that determines the force of an eruption
22. _________ rebound is the return of rock to its original shape after elastic deformation
25. the outermost solid layer of Earth
27. type of stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions
29. melted rock