Poisionous Plants

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Across
  1. 2. these plants contain ___: chokecherry, hydrangea, vetch, johnson grass (sorghum)
  2. 8. causes damage generally in the least protected areas of body: white skin on dorsum and lateral body wall, thin and non pigmented areas
  3. 10. ricin containing plant (highly toxic glycoprotein); CS may have lag period: anorexia/v/d, weakness/thirst, m spasms/uremia/death, sweating/ataxia(horses), extensive organ edema/damage
  4. 13. nitrate causes _____ leading to dark brown/chocolate colored blood
  5. 19. plants that causes ____photosensitization = any plant causing liver failure: rape (brassica), blue-green algae, grounsel(senecio), crotalaria,
  6. 20. horses most susceptible; found in sawdust/shaving from this type of trees that may be used for bedding; CS= acute onset of laminitis (may progress to necrosis of dorsal laminae), distal limb edema and fever
  7. 21. neurotoxic plant that contains polycyclic diterpene alkaloids that are neuromuscular blockers, cholinergic and nicotinic antag. CS- bloat, excitability, muscle tremors/stiff/paresis/seizures, arrhythmia, death from resp paralysis. cattle are most susceptible
  8. 23. plant that causes primary photosensitization
  9. 25. (astragalus and oxytropis) cs: ataxia/hypermetria, clicking of the dew claws (cracker heels), CP deficits, emaciation, emphysema (sheep), abortion, teratogenesis (contracted tendon)
  10. 26. affects horses/cattle, contains ketone and rematches which is passed to young in milk. CS= weakness/depression; horses — myocardial necrosis and CHF, cattle - ataxia, depression, m tremors +/- acetone breath
  11. 27. causes abortions (“pine needle abortion”) characterized by weak contractions, excessive discharge, a small calf and RFM
  12. 28. ___toxic plants: oleander, foxglove, lily-of-the-valley, yew, azalea/rhododendron
Down
  1. 1. plant that may cause cs that last for d-wk: irriation of mm, ptyalism, edematous swelling of tongue/lips, difficulty swallow/breathing
  2. 3. neurotoxic plant that also has the potential to accumulate nitrates; has 2 toxins (GI and neuro). cs- anorexia/nausea/abd pain/v/d, apathy/paresis/paralysis, prostration, unconsciousness
  3. 4. toxicity in horses most commonly from consuming senecio sp, crotalaria sp, heliotropium sp. Cs - non specific liver disease = wt loss, icterus, photosensitization. dx based on observation of fibrosis, megalocytosis and bile duct prolif/hyperplasia
  4. 5. primary photosensitization effects are usually restricted to ____. caused by membrane and free radical damage
  5. 6. pigweed, nightshade, oat hay, sorghum, rye, alfalfa
  6. 7. in addition to the skin, secondary photosensitization also causes damage to __
  7. 8. treatment that may reverse neuromuscular blcokade
  8. 9. contains several teratogenic compounds, mainly affects sheep and most lambs are stillborn; effects depend on stage of gestation eaten: d14 monkey faced lambs, d17-18 PL motor n paralysis, d12-30 craniofacial deformities (cleft palate/lip, brachygnathia), d30-36 shortened legs from metacarpal/tarsal bone hypoplasia
  9. 11. neurotoxic plant that most commonly affects sheep, induces nicotinic effects: salivation, incoordination, headpressing/wander/excitement, muscle tremors/seizures, dyspnea. teratogen in cattle = crooked calf syndrome
  10. 12. causes RBC lysis in horses. CS - depression/icterus/anemia/hemoglobinemia/uria
  11. 14. odor produced from gas in rumen with cyanide ingestion
  12. 15. color of blood found in cyanide ingestion
  13. 16. treatment for nitrate that reduces methemoglobin
  14. 17. plant that affects horses and causes nigropallidal encephalomalacia “chewing disease”. most common CS - chewing/drooping food; cs usu irreversible
  15. 18. (cicuta) one of the most toxic plants known; contains cicutoxin = highly toxic to cattle/horses. CS - acute violent tetanic seizures, rapid progression from salivation to m twitch/seizures/coma/death
  16. 20. neurotoxic plant in cattle/sheep/pigs/horses that contains thiaminase which can lead to cardiogenicity/BM suppression only in rums, BUT leads to PEM. CS - incoordination/wide base, depression, m tremors/ataxia, blindness/retinal degeneration
  17. 22. neurotoxic plant that contains coniine and pyridine-type alkaloids. CS dev acutely: salivation, v/d, muscle tremors/weak/convulsions, death from resp failure
  18. 24. plant that may contain gossypol = cardiotoxic esp to young animals (cattle/sheep/pig). CS - sudden death due to HF, anorexia/red urine/thin pot bellied, poor performance in adults