Across
- 4. The state of matter where the particles are arranged randomly and close together. The particles are able to move past each other.
- 11. A separation technique to obtain soluble solids from solutions. The process involves heating the solution until crystals start to form, leaving the solution to cool and then filtering the formed crystals from the solution.
- 12. The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- 15. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
- 17. The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table. They have a stable full outer shell of electrons which makes them very unreactive.
- 18. A substance which is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution.
- 19. Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.
- 20. A type of chromatography which uses paper as the stationary phase and a solvent as the mobile phase. The solvent carries the mixture up the paper where the substances in the mixture then separate, depending on how soluble they are in the mobile phase.
- 21. A value used in chromatography which is calculated as the distance travelled by the dissolved substance divided by the distance travelled by the solvent. It can be used to identify substances within a mixture.
- 22. A row of the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
- 24. A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
- 25. The fluid (gas or liquid) which moves through the chromatography system, carrying the mixture which is to be separated.
- 28. The chemistry definition of a pure substance is a substance which contains only one compound or element. Pure substances have fixed melting and boiling points.
- 30. A solution which contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent. If any more solute is added, it will not dissolve in the solution.
- 31. A separation technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a solution.
- 32. A substance which dissolves a solute.
- 33. Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.
- 34. The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms. Atoms contain a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
- 35. Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbits the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass (negligible).
- 36. The state of matter where the particles have the most energy. The particles in a gas are relatively spread out and move randomly in all directions.
- 37. The non moving phase which the mobile phase passes over during chromatography.
- 38. Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.
- 39. A homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent.
Down
- 1. Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table.
- 2. The number of protons in the nucleus.
- 3. The symbols used in chemical equations to denote the states of the chemicals reacting: (s) - solid, (l) - liquid, (g) - gas, (aq) - aqueous solution.
- 5. The forces which exist between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular forces impact physical properties like boiling/melting point.
- 6. Unreactive. Inert electrodes are used in electrolysis to prevent the electrode material affecting the reactions. The noble gases are also described as being inert.
- 7. Table of elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number and such that elements with similar properties are in the same column (group).
- 8. Particles smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons are the three most common subatomic particles.
- 9. Different energy levels in atoms, occupied by electrons.
- 10. A substance made up of only one type of atom.
- 13. Contains at least two different elements or compounds which are not chemically bonded together. Mixtures may melt or boil over a range of temperatures.
- 14. A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.
- 16. A process used to separate a mixture of liquids. The liquids have different boiling points so can be separated into different fractions within a fractionating column.
- 23. A separation technique used to separate a liquid from a solution. The solution is heated so that only the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates. This gas is then condensed in a condenser before being collected as a liquid.
- 26. Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. Relative mass of 1.
- 27. A process used to separate substances in a mixture. It involves a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
- 29. The state of matter where the particles hold a regular arrangement and have the least amount of energy.