Protein synthesis/ mutations Adisyn

4. mutation A change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can result in genetic disorders.
8. codon A codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) that signals the termination of protein synthesis.
10. RNA A type of RNA that is a structural component of ribosomes, helping in the assembly of proteins.
13. A mutation where a part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
14. mutations Mutations that affect a specific gene, altering the sequence of nucleotides.
16. A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.
18. Refers to the process where the DNA double helix is unwound, allowing access to the genetic code for transcription.
20. A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.
21. A sequence of three nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine/uracil) in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.
23. acids The building blocks of proteins, linked together by peptide bonds
24. mutation A type of mutation caused by insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code, altering the sequence of amino acid
26. code diagram A chart that shows the relationship between codons in mRNA and the amino acids they encode in protein synthesis.

1. A mutation where a section of the chromosome is repeated
2. Large molecules made up of amino acids that perform various functions in the cell
3. A mutation where a section of the chromosome is reversed end-to-end.
5. Cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating mRNA into an amino acid sequence.
6. rna A type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
7. rna A type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome, corresponding to the codons in the mRNA.
9. A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein
11. The start codon in mRNA, signaling the beginning of translation, which codes for the amino acid methionine.
12. polymerase An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
15. A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs complementary to a codon in mRNA.
17. The process by which mRNA is decoded outside the nucleus in the ribosome to produce a specific polypeptide chain (protein).
19. A type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another.
22. bond The chemical bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.
25. Permanent changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to altered protein function.