Proton Motive Force Puzzle

1. : The process that couples the movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient to ATP synthesis.
2. : A transporter that exchanges ATP out of the mitochondrial matrix for ADP, maintaining a supply of ADP for ATP production.
3. : A chain of protein complexes and molecules that transfers electrons and pumps protons to create a proton gradient.
4. : The portion of ATP synthase located in the mitochondrial matrix, responsible for synthesizing ATP.
5. : The part of ATP synthase embedded in the membrane, which acts as a proton channel.
6. : The gradient established across the inner mitochondrial membrane that drives ATP production.
10. : A gradient consisting of both a concentration difference of protons and a charge difference across the membrane.
11. : The force generated by the translocation of protons across a membrane during cellular respiration.
12. : A protein that dissipates the proton gradient as heat instead of making ATP, crucial for thermoregulation.
13. : The metabolic process that includes the ETC and ATP synthase to produce ATP using oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

1. : The final protein complex in the ETC, where electrons are transferred to oxygen, reducing it to water.
5. : A small protein in the ETC that transfers electrons between Complex III and Complex IV.
7. : The enzyme complex that uses proton flow to drive ATP production from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
8. : The specific membrane in eukaryotic cells where the proton gradient is established during oxidative phosphorylation.
9. : The first protein complex in the ETC, where electrons from NADH enter and protons are pumped into the intermembrane space.