Across
- 5. splitting of a radioactive nucleus into two new nuclei (of different elements) (two words)
- 8. state of matter that has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
- 9. the reactant that determines the quantity of product(s) the reaction can yield, as well as the quantity of the reactant(s) that will be left over (2 words)
- 10. paired electrons that belong to one atom and are not involved in forming chemical bonds with other atoms (2 words)
- 11. estimated digits in a measured quantity that might vary depending on who is making the measurment
- 12. in this state, particles are charged ions and free electrons
- 13. this is higher for polar molecules because the stronger attraction between polar molecules requires more energy to overcome the attraction between molecules (2 words)
- 16. how fast a chemical reaction occurs (2 words)
- 17. ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances.
- 19. factor changed by researcher in a scientific experiment
- 20. can occur in both directions; i.e., not only can the reactants change to the products, but the products can change back to the reactants, at least under certain conditions (2 words)
- 21. forces of attraction between positive metal cations and the valence electrons that are constantly moving around them (2 words)
- 23. solution that contains as much solute as can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature (2 words)
- 31. in a solution, the substance in which the other substance(s) dissolve
- 32. how consistent and detailed measurements are
- 34. matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions
- 35. in a solution, the substance that dissolves in another substance
- 36. Color and indicator type indicating exposure to acids (3 words)
- 37. any info gathered with senses
- 38. the composition is not uniform throughout (2 words)
- 40. repeating at regular intervals
- 42. charge on an ion formed by a Group 17 atom that gains one electron (two words)
- 44. the composition is uniform throughout (2 words)
- 46. the mass of the atom in a unit called the atomic mass unit (amu) (two words)
- 47. depiction with negative charges distributed throughout an atom (three words)
- 49. arranged elements in order by increasing atomic mass
- 52. chemically inactive (unreactive)
- 53. in a chemical reaction, energy is _________ when new bonds form in products
- 56. description of what always happens under specific conditions, supported by large volumes of evidence and no known exceptions
- 57. compounds used to detect acids and bases
- 58. bonds in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms, producing partial charges: partially negative around more electronegative atoms, and partially positive around less electronegative atoms (3 words)
- 59. law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions (5 words)
- 62. separate multiple reactants or products in a chemical equation (2 words)
- 65. charge on an ion formed by a Group 2 atom that loses two electrons (two words)
- 67. formed when two or more atoms share bonding electrons in order to complete their octets (2 words)
- 68. atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons
- 69. describes how atoms react to form compounds that allow them to have a group of 8 valence electrons like the noble gases (two words)
- 70. solution that contains less solute than can dissolve at a given temperature (2 words)
Down
- 1. attractive forces between polar molecules containing an H–N, H–O, or H–F bonds (2 words)
- 2. properties that can be measured or observed without matter changing to an entirely different substance
- 3. a given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions, regardless of how or where the compound was produced (4 words)
- 4. bonds in which electrons are shared equally (3 words)
- 6. general steps scientists use to conduct experiments
- 7. one element replaces another in a single compound (3 words)
- 14. region in modern Quantum Mechanics model where an electron is most likely to be
- 15. separates reactants from products in a chemical equation (2 words)
- 18. anything that has mass and volume
- 22. one pair of shared electrons that join to atoms (3 words)
- 24. have high melting points and high boiling points; as solids, poor conductors of electricity; when dissolved, good conductors of electricity (“electrolytes”); brittle (2 words)
- 25. show the ratios of atoms in compounds’ chemical formulas
- 26. digits believed by an investigator to be correct (all the digits that can be read directly from a measuring device plus one estimated digit)
- 27. name of element for an atom with mass number 39 containing 20 neutrons
- 28. nucleus has the potential to break down, or decay, and change into a different element
- 29. nonreactive, nonmetallic elements in Group 18 (two words)
- 30. claiming by generalizing from specific instances; is logically true, whether or not is actually true
- 33. prediction or explanation that is both testable and falsifiable
- 39. can occur in only one direction; i.e., the reactants can change to the products, but the products cannot change back to the reactants (2 words)
- 40. predictable patterns in the periodic table, either down a group or across a period (two words)
- 41. his gold foil experiment and resulting atomic model show that the positively-charged regions of atoms are incredibly small
- 43. 1 type of particle; cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means (two words)
- 45. Atomic Number of an atom with mass number 19 containing 10 neutrons
- 48. the smallest particle of a covalent compound that still has the properties of the compound
- 50. an electron found in the outermost energy level of an atom (two words)
- 51. class found in right of periodic table (except H on left)
- 54. two or more small nuclei combine to form a single, larger nucleus (two words)
- 55. share characteristics of metals and nonmetals; semiconductors
- 60. mixture in which particles are distributed throughout but are heavy enough that they will settle out
- 61. atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons
- 63. he carefully measured the mass of reactants and products in many different chemical reactions inside sealed jars, finding that the total mass of the jar and its contents was the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction took place
- 64. SI base unit for mass
- 66. form of matter that has a definite shape and volume