Across
- 2. loafing: the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
- 3. adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
- 6. identity disorder: a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.
- 8. drugs: drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder.
- 10. desensitization: a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.
- 13. disorders: psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania,
- 14. the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma.
- 16. attribution error: the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
- 17. an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
- 21. theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Down
- 1. approach: an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
- 4. in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
- 5. therapy: therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.
- 7. perceptions: mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
- 9. transcranial magnetic stimulation: the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. (p. 573)
- 11. in the door phenomenon: the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
- 12. exposure effect: the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
- 15. depressive disorder: a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
- 18. phenomenon: the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
- 19. therapies: a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses.
- 20. conditioning: a type of coun-terconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).