Across
- 4. This mode of processing is driven by prior knowledge. It is similar to perception in that several Gestalt laws of organization can be applied to its use.
- 5. This law of organization states that things that are near each other appear as though they are grouped together. This is how the human eye perceives connections from visual stimuli.
- 7. This refers to all processes by which sensory input is transformed, stored,and used. It results in sensations, perceptions, or intuitions.
- 8. This person hypothesized that we have a basic human tendency to organize our perceptions. The main idea is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- 10. This phenomena involves access to information and self-knowledge. It is the awareness of an external object or something within oneself.
- 12. This type of aphasia includes fluent speech with lots of errors and poor comprehension. The ability to understand the meaning of spoken language is impaired.
- 15. This is the "gist" of interrelated units of language rather than actual words or sentences. It is used to make inferences about the information at hand.
- 18. This is shared background knowledge, schemas, and perspectives that are necessary for mutual understanding of language. It is the study of language that is not directly spoken.
- 19. This method of mnemonics involves creating an image linking a word you would like to remember with the meaning of a new "word." Some types of this include interactive visualization and the Method of Loci.
- 21. This type of coding for mental imagery involves a representation that is comparable in certain respects to a perceived physical object. Evidence for this includes mental scanning and mental rotation.
- 22. This type of explicit memory contains organized knowledge and facts about the world around us. This knowledge is not drawn from personal experience, but is rather common knowledge, such as the names of colors.
- 23. This type of speech is physically exaggerated and high pitched. It has been formerly known as "motherese."
- 24. This theory of categorization is based on the most typical example of that category. It is a cognitive reference point that is heavily influenced by cultural and environmental elements.
- 25. This level of processing involves shallow, sensory processing such as physical properties. These can include color, pitch, loudness, and movement.
- 26. This type of memory practice involves learning about one thing at a time instead of combining things with other learned knowledge. It is used to study or rehearse information.
- 28. This problem regarding sentence production describes how we need to transform thoughts and images into a continuous, ordered sequence of words. It is more of a problem when complex information is being expressed.
- 29. This type of memory is associated with "remembering to remember." It is typically used to perform a planned action.
- 30. This is a method that will always produce a solution to the problem. These are often compared as problem solving strategies to heuristics, which do not always guarantee a correct solution to a problem.
Down
- 1. This is a specific, prototypical sequence of events that is more explicit than a schema. They are default standards that are expected to occur in a given situation.
- 2. This stimulus is a 2D, inverted image of an object. It is located on the retina and changes size relative to the distance of the object.
- 3. This bias is a tendency to look for information in a way that confirms one's own thoughts or perceptions. In this case, if someone wants something to be true, they will even dismiss information that invalidates their bias, causing statistical errors.
- 6. This phenomena is characterized by stimulation of one sensory pathway leading to stimulation of a second sensory pathway. It is automatic and involuntary. Examples include seeing sounds hearing tastes.
- 9. This phenomena results in deficits to one's episodic memory. It is a partial or total loss of memory with types including retrograde and anterograde.
- 11. This is the use of a word to refer to other objects that are not the "correct" one, although it is used for the correct object as well. This sometimes occurs when a child does not yet know the correct word for an unfamiliar item. For example, a child may see a cat and correctly identify it, yet identifies a tree as a cat the next day.
- 13. This type of store is found in the inner ear. This is where we hold representations for words and sounds. It is also a component of working memory.
- 14. This component of working memory helps focus attention integrate information. It is like a "supervisor" for working memory processes.
- 16. This is a factor that influences problem solving. It includes one's knowledge base and meta-cognitive skills but can result in overactive top-down processes.
- 17. This type of reasoning is based upon the results of previous experiences. It typically begins with a general set of knowledge and facts and is used to make a specific conclusion based off of those things.
- 20. During the encoding stage of memory, this level of processing is associated with creating meaning and making connections. It assists with the retention of memories by adding greater detail.
- 27. This type of processing requires conscious effort and intention. The Stroop Effect is an example of how this type of processing occurs.