Across
- 7. A statistical method to detect differences in the means between conditions when there are two or more independent variables in a factorial design. It allows the detection of main effects and interaction effects.
- 8. The problem of research results not being published that fail to find a statistically significant result. As a consequence, the published literature fails to contain a full representation of the positive and negative findings about a research question.
- 9. Mental shortcuts in forming and maintaining our beliefs.
- 10. The extent to which a measurement method appears, on superficial examination, to measure the construct of interest.
- 11. Manuscripts that are prepared by the author in their final form and submitted for publication.
- 12. A study that is conducted in a "real world" environment outside the laboratory.
- 13. A specific prediction about a new phenomenon that should be observed if a particular theory is accurate.
- 15. How likely is the research question going to be successfully answered depending on the amount of time, money, equipment and materials, technical knowledge and skill, and access to research participants there will be.
- 21. Researchers start with the data and develop a theory or an interpretation that is “grounded in” those data.
- 23. Used in qualitative research which involves small groups of people who participate together in interviews focused on a particular topic or issue.
- 24. Events outside of the pretest-posttest research design that might have influenced many or all of the participants between the pretest and the posttest.
- 26. A set of laws based on the Belmont Report that apply to research conducted, supported, or regulated by the federal government.
Down
- 1. A graphical display of a frequency distribution.
- 2. Shows how each level of one independent variable is combined with each level of the others to produce all possible combinations in a factorial design.
- 3. A cyclical process of theory development, starting with an observed phenomenon, then developing or using a theory to make a specific prediction of what should happen if that theory is correct, testing that prediction, refining the theory in light of the findings, and using that refined theory to develop new hypotheses, and so on.
- 4. Experiments that include more than one independent variable in which each level of one independent variable is combined with each level of the others to produce all possible combinations.
- 5. A display of each value of a variable and the number of participants with that value.
- 6. Research that poses greater than minimal risk to participants and must be reviewed by the full board of IRB members.
- 14. A scientific claim that must be expressed in such a way that there are observations that would—if they were made—count as evidence against the claim
- 15. Graphical depictions of data, such as pie charts, bar graphs, or scatterplots used to clearly and efficiently report a number of results.
- 16. A type of field study where an independent variable is manipulated in a natural setting and extraneous variables are controlled as much as possible.
- 17. In the case of undisguised naturalistic observation, it is a type of reactivity when people know they are being observed and studied, they may act differently than they normally would.
- 18. Research that involves studying large numbers of participants and examining their behavior primarily in terms of group means, standard deviations, and so on.
- 19. A complex statistical technique in which researchers study relationships among a large number of conceptually similar variables.
- 20. Intuitive beliefs about people’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
- 22. An effect where participants perform a task worse in later conditions because they become tired or bored.
- 25. Hypothesizing After the Results are Known: A practice where researchers analyze data without an a priori hypothesis, claiming afterward that a statistically significant result had been originally predicted.