Across
- 1. They can describe whether the person is old or young, male or female, but they cannot identify the person
- 2. “What” pathway for the eye
- 4. Are abundant in the periphery of the retina; they are involved in both peripheral and night vision
- 5. theory We perceive certain pitches when the entire basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound causing the axons of the auditory nerve to produce action potentials at the same time
- 6. Focuses the pupil, not adjustable by the lens
- 7. theory Like keys on a piano, each area along the basilar membrane of the cochlea can only respond to a specific frequency
- 8. A drug that has no pharmacological effects, but often relieves pain due to the power of belief
- 10. cells Send inhibitory messages, which stop the retina from sending messages to the brain that are unnecessary at a given moment
- 14. Belief that there are three types of cones and each respond to certain wavelengths
- 15. spot The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, because it has no visual receptors
- 16. Is determined by how frequently nerves fire
- 17. Is a condition that may result from damage to the inferior temporal cortex, involves an inability to recognize objects
- 19. “where” pathway for the eye
- 21. chiasm Optic nerve sends information from the right eye to the left hemisphere and vice versa
- 22. A disorder where individuals are seriously impaired at detecting small changes in frequency
- 24. The sensation of the body and its movements, it is not one sense but many includes: touch, pressure, cold/warmth, pain, tickle
- 25. MST Neurons fire when an object moves relative to its background
- 26. A protein substance that causes inflammation
- 30. deafness Failure of the bones of the middle ear to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea, caused by diseases, infections, can be corrected by hearing aids
- 31. Is a type of Vitamin A that activates second messengers within the cell used to communicate color to the brain
- 33. Helps us identify faces
- 34. Contains three fluid tunnels
- 37. Get information from bipolar cells and send it to other bipolar cells
- 40. Responds to how the light in a particular area compares to the surrounding cortex (retinex theory)
- 42. cells Send messages to ganglion cells, located even closer to the center of the eye, are inhibited by horizontal cells
- 43. detects the direction of tilt and amount of acceleration of the head
- 44. Pupil is focused by the ____(adjustable) Helps you focus on objects in various distances
- 46. Are found primarily in the fovea; they are involved in both visual activity and color vision
- 47. Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe, auditory information is processed here, responds to the base of the basilar membrane, specific tones excite specific neurons
- 49. Expectation of harm actually causes feelings of pain, discomfort, or sickness
- 52. Are small, but are found throughout the retina, some are color sensitive, some are not, they respond best to many types of stimuli
- 53. "where" pathway for the eye
- 56. rear surface of the eye, which is lined with visual receptor cells (rods and cones)
- 57. Rapid eye movements that detect subtle changes from millisecond to millisecond, impaired to motion blindness
- 59. MT Detect speed, acceleration, and deceleration
- 60. Is the intensity of a sound wave
Down
- 1. Have small receptive fields, they respond best to visual details & color, located in or near the fovea
- 3. Ganglion cells They are very small and respond only to one single cone; allowing for precise vision
- 6. Characterized by the inability to perceive color differences as most people do
- 9. pain Causes the release of both glutamate and Substance P a neuropeptide
- 11. process We perceive color in terms of paired opposites, perceive color on a continuum of red to green, from yellow to blue, and from white to black. Negative afterimages explained and result from fatiguing bipolar cells
- 12. A blurring of vision for lines in one direction, this disorder is caused by an asymmetric curvature of the eyes
- 13. Whatever excites a particular type of nerve generates a special energy unique to that nerve
- 18. A band of tissue that gives eyes their color
- 20. theory For low frequency sounds, the apex of the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with the sound wave in accordance with frequency theory
- 22. "what" pathway for the ear
- 23. pain Causes the release of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the spinal cord
- 27. buds Structure on the tongue that contain receptor cells, taste is a result, are located within the grooves of the papillae
- 28. An opening in the center of the eye in which light enters, focused by the lens
- 29. A process that sharpens contrasts to emphasize the borders of objects
- 32. Tympanic membrane (eardrum), hammer, anvil, and stirrup
- 35. There is a small area on the retina that aids in detailed vision processing
- 36. Is determined by the number of firing cells
- 38. Have larger receptive fields, they respond best to moving stimuli, evenly dispersed throughout the retina
- 39. theory The cortex compares the responses from different parts of the retina to determine the brightness of color
- 41. They are able to see objects but impaired at seeing whether they are moving or if so which direction and how fast
- 45. line Each receptor responds to only a small range of stimuli (similar to place theory)
- 48. Chemicals released by an animal that affect the behavior of other members of the same species, especially sexually
- 50. A structure of flesh and cartilage attached to the side of the head; helps us locate the source of a sound by altering reflections of sound waves
- 51. The ability to respond to stimuli but will report that they cannot see it, able to correctly point to an object, identify its shape/direction of movement but they cannot consciously see it.
- 54. Have small receptive fields, they respond best to visual details & color, located in or near the fovea
- 55. endings respond to stretching of the skin
- 58. MST Respond when the whole visual scene expands, contracts, or rotates