Across
- 1. specialized cells in the eye that send inhibitory messages, which stop the retina from sending messages to the brain that are unnecessary at a given moment
- 4. is the ability to respond in some way to visual information after extensive damage to area V1.
- 6. Touch pressure cold/warm pain tickle
- 9. when people look at a face, they can describe whether the person is old or young, male or female, but they cannot identify the person
- 11. originates from V1 and extends to the temporal lobe, the “what” pathway, it recognizes and identifies objects.
- 13. The primary auditory cortex, certain cells respond only to certain tones
- 15. are found primarily in the fovea; they are involved in both visual activity and color vision
- 16. the perception of intensity of a sound wave, loudness is determined by number of firing cells
- 20. have small receptive fields, they respond best to visual details and color, they are located in or near the fovea
- 22. Are abundant in the periphery of the retina, they are involved in both peripheral and night vision
- 25. we perceive color in terms of paired opposites
- 28. the intensity of a sound wave
- 29. Where auditory information is ultimately processed in the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe
- 34. the small area on the retina that aids in detailed vision processing
- 36. the three are filled with a jelly like substance and are lined with hair cells acceleration of the head causes this substance to push against hair cells which in turn causes action potentials from the vestibular systems to travel to the brain stream and cerebellum
- 38. nerve or inner ear deafness: damage to the cochlea hair cells or auditory nerve that causes a permanent impairment in hearing in one to all ranges or frequency
- 40. nerve sends information from the right eye to the left hemisphere and information from the left eye to the right hemisphere.
- 42. a window of the inner ear
- 44. opening in the center of the iris
- 45. structure of clash and cartilage attached to the side of the head the pinna helps us locate the source of a sound by altering reflections of sound waves
Down
- 2. a process that sharpens contrasts to emphasize the borders of objects
- 3. cochlea
- 5. are not nerves but actually modified skin cells that last only about 10-14 days before being replaced they are sensory cells
- 7. frequent or constant ringing in the ear often produced by nerve deafness
- 8. neurons enable you to distinguish between the result of eye movements and the result of object movements.
- 10. the perception of the frequency of a sound wave, the pitch of a sound is identified by how frequency nerves fire
- 11. detects the direction of tilt and amount of acceleration of the head
- 12. we perceive certain pitches when the entire basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing the axons of the auditory nerve to produce action potential at the same frequency. 50 HZ = 50 action potentials
- 14. the location of the “what” pathway that helps us detect certain sounds
- 15. for low frequency sounds ( below 100 HZ) the apex of the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with the sound wave, in accordance with Frequency theory
- 16. each receptor responds to only a small range of stimuli the meaning of the sensory message depends on which specific receptor cells were activated
- 17. have larger receptive fields, they respond best to moving stimuli, they are evenly dispersed throughout the retina
- 18. Each sound frequency activates specific hair cells at only one place on the membrane
- 19. provide 70% of the input to the brain
- 21. or middle-ear deafness, failure of the bones to the middle ear to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea
- 23. small, but are found throughout the retina, some color sensitive, some are not, they respond to many types of stimuli.
- 24. there are three types of cones and each respond to certain wavelengths
- 26. eardrum
- 27. : rear surface of the eye, which is lined with visual receptors
- 30. measure in hertz
- 31. Bone of the middle ear
- 32. structures on the tongue that contain receptor cells
- 33. a condition that may result from damage to the inferior temporal cortex
- 35. With damage to this area you still have color vision, but can loose color constancy
- 37. important for complex processing and refine information that is sent to the ganglion cells
- 39. respond when the whole scene expands, contracts, or rotates.
- 41. the auditory receptor cells
- 43. the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye