Across
- 2. the small area on the retina that aids in detailed vision processing
- 5. for low frequency sounds ( below 100 HZ) the apex of the basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with the sound wave, in accordance with Frequency theory
- 6. measure in hertz
- 8. have larger receptive fields, they respond best to moving stimuli, they are evenly dispersed throughout the retina
- 10. eardrum
- 11. respond when the whole scene expands, contracts, or rotates.
- 14. : rear surface of the eye, which is lined with visual receptors
- 15. small, but are found throughout the retina, some color sensitive, some are not, they respond to many types of stimuli.
- 16. detects the direction of tilt and amount of acceleration of the head
- 17. have small receptive fields, they respond best to visual details and color, they are located in or near the fovea
- 20. specialized cells in the eye that send inhibitory messages, which stop the retina from sending messages to the brain that are unnecessary at a given moment
- 22. nerve sends information from the right eye to the left hemisphere and information from the left eye to the right hemisphere.
- 23. each receptor responds to only a small range of stimuli the meaning of the sensory message depends on which specific receptor cells were activated
- 27. we perceive color in terms of paired opposites
- 28. originates from V1 and extends to the temporal lobe, the “what” pathway, it recognizes and identifies objects.
- 29. neurons enable you to distinguish between the result of eye movements and the result of object movements.
- 31. opening in the center of the iris
- 32. or middle-ear deafness, failure of the bones to the middle ear to transmit sound waves properly to the cochlea
- 33. structures on the tongue that contain receptor cells
- 35. structure of clash and cartilage attached to the side of the head the pinna helps us locate the source of a sound by altering reflections of sound waves
- 36. Touch pressure cold/warm pain tickle
- 38. a process that sharpens contrasts to emphasize the borders of objects
- 40. the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye
- 41. is the ability to respond in some way to visual information after extensive damage to area V1.
- 42. we perceive certain pitches when the entire basilar membrane vibrates in synchrony with a sound, causing the axons of the auditory nerve to produce action potential at the same frequency. 50 HZ = 50 action potentials
- 43. cochlea
- 46. are not nerves but actually modified skin cells that last only about 10-14 days before being replaced they are sensory cells
- 47. important for complex processing and refine information that is sent to the ganglion cells
- 48. Each sound frequency activates specific hair cells at only one place on the membrane
Down
- 1. Bone of the middle ear
- 3. With damage to this area you still have color vision, but can loose color constancy
- 4. nerve or inner ear deafness: damage to the cochlea hair cells or auditory nerve that causes a permanent impairment in hearing in one to all ranges or frequency
- 7. frequent or constant ringing in the ear often produced by nerve deafness
- 9. the location of the “what” pathway that helps us detect certain sounds
- 12. the perception of intensity of a sound wave, loudness is determined by number of firing cells
- 13. the three are filled with a jelly like substance and are lined with hair cells acceleration of the head causes this substance to push against hair cells which in turn causes action potentials from the vestibular systems to travel to the brain stream and cerebellum
- 18. Where auditory information is ultimately processed in the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe
- 19. there are three types of cones and each respond to certain wavelengths
- 21. provide 70% of the input to the brain
- 24. when people look at a face, they can describe whether the person is old or young, male or female, but they cannot identify the person
- 25. are found primarily in the fovea; they are involved in both visual activity and color vision
- 26. a window of the inner ear
- 30. the auditory receptor cells
- 34. a condition that may result from damage to the inferior temporal cortex
- 37. The primary auditory cortex, certain cells respond only to certain tones
- 39. the intensity of a sound wave
- 44. the perception of the frequency of a sound wave, the pitch of a sound is identified by how frequency nerves fire
- 45. Are abundant in the periphery of the retina, they are involved in both peripheral and night vision