Psychology Classical Conditioning

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Across
  1. 4. A decrease in response to a stimulus when it is repeatedly presented without consequence.
  2. 8. When the CS no longer elicits the CR. Occurs when the CS is repeatedly presented alone.
  3. 12. The CS is repeatedly presented alone to extinguish the CS–US association. Not to be confused with test trials, where the CS is presented alone to test whether an association has been learned.
  4. 13. Mechanisms of behaviour that undergo relatively enduring change based on experience.
  5. 15. Tolerance The decreased effectiveness of a drug over the course of repeated administration.
  6. 16. An increase in response to a stimulus as it is repeatedly presented. Often adaptive, because it prompts you to engage in behaviours appropriate to escaping a potentially harmful stimulus.
  7. 18. An automatic shift of attention toward a stimulus.
  8. 19. The CR is elicited by a new stimulus that is similar to the original CS. The more similar the new stimulus is to the original CS, the greater the response. The strength of the CR follows a generalization gradient.
  9. 21. The reintroduction of conditioning trials after extinction has occurred. Reacquisition is faster than acquisition, indicating that some of the original learning is retained following extinction.
  10. 22. An increase in responding that follows a change in a previously habituated stimulus.
  11. 23. Conditioning When the presence of the CS predicts the presence of the US.
  12. 24. The presence of the CS predicts the absence of the US.
Down
  1. 1. (CS) A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditional stimulus (US), now triggers a conditional response (CR).
  2. 2. (UR) A biologically determined response that is evoked prior to any learning.
  3. 3. Trials in which the CS and US are presented together. These trials create an association between the two stimuli. Also known as training trials.
  4. 5. A neutral stimulus is paired with a CS to produce the same CR as the CS.
  5. 6. Discrimination An organism’s ability to fine-tune its responding such that a CR occurs in response to one CS, but not to other similar stimuli. Typically occurs through discrimination training.
  6. 7. (CR) An automatic response established by training (learning) to a once neutral stimulus—the conditional stimulus (CS).
  7. 9. The extent to which the CS and US occur together in time and space.
  8. 10. (US) Any stimulus that evokes a UR.
  9. 11. The re-emergence of a previously extinguished CS after a temporal delay.
  10. 14. Maintaining the body’s internal equilibrium.
  11. 17. Trial A trial where the CS is presented without the US. Used to test whether a CS–US association has been learned. Not to be confused with extinction trials, where the CS is repeatedly presented alone.
  12. 20. A term used to describe the association between the CS and US, because the presence of the CS reliably predicts the presence of the US.