Across
- 1. memory Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, before information is stored or forgotten.
- 5. A tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
- 7. A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problems. contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error prone Heuristics.
- 8. In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit; 40 in the English language; examples ch, a, t, sh
- 9. Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
- 10. The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current mood (good or bad).
- 12. The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of ones beliefs and judgements.
- 19. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds.
- 23. Retention independent of conscious recollection.
- 24. Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare”.
- 25. The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.
- 27. a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
- 28. The encoding of picture images.
- 29. Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.
- 30. Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event.
- 32. Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes/words/sentences; the study of meaning
- 33. beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant simultaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
- 35. Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes.
- 38. beginning about age 2, stage in speech development during which child speaks mostly in 2-word phrases
- 41. Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think
- 43. The loss of memory.
- 44. An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
- 45. The processing of information into the memory system.
- 48. A mental image or best example or a category
- 50. The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.
- 51. clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
- 53. In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
- 54. Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.
- 55. A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage.
- 56. The retention of encoded information over time.
- 57. The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
- 58. Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Down
- 1. The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield between long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.
- 2. Organizing terms into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
- 3. Mental Pictures
- 4. The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.
- 6. memory Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.
- 8. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
- 11. In language, the smallest unit to carry meaning; example prefixes and suffixes
- 13. The process of getting information out of memory storage.
- 14. the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.
- 15. A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory.
- 16. The encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words.
- 17. A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s perception.
- 18. stage in speech development, from about 1-2 years old, during which the child speaks mostly single words
- 20. Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, using mostly verbs and nouns (ex -- “want juice”)
- 21. The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
- 22. The way an issue is posed
- 26. A sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
- 31. A systematic strategy or method for solving problems.
- 32. The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
- 34. rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
- 35. The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information.
- 36. Our tendency to recall past the last and first items in a list.
- 37. Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
- 39. In language, system of rules that enable understandable communication
- 40. Memory aids.
- 42. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
- 46. The mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
- 47. The tendency for one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid.
- 49. The eerie sense that “I’ve experience this before”. Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.
- 52. The inability to see a problem from a new perspective.