Across
- 3. A specialized family of low-molecular-weight cytokines that primarily function to recruit specific leukocyte populations to sites of inflammation.
- 5. Sulfur-containing lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid that induce prolonged bronchoconstriction and vascular permeability changes.
- 7. The immediate cellular process where mast cells release preformed biochemical mediators like histamine into the extracellular space.
- 8. The genetic complex (MHC/HLA) that codes for cell-surface proteins used by the immune system to distinguish self from non-self.
- 11. A specialized family of signaling cytokines released by virally infected host cells to alert neighboring cells and induce antiviral defense mechanisms.
- 12. A severe, systemic Type I hypersensitivity reaction characterized by widespread vasodilation, airway constriction, and systemic shock.
- 14. A critical class of cytokines produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes to regulate immune responses and leukocyte cross-talk.
- 15. The immunological process where pathogens are coated with antibodies or complement fragments (like C3b) to tag them for phagocytosis.
- 21. The directional migration of white blood cells along a chemical concentration gradient toward the site of tissue injury.
- 22. An advanced inflammatory exudate that is thick and sticky, containing large amounts of clotting proteins, typically seen in severe pericarditis.
- 23. A breakdown in immunological self-tolerance where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and organs.
- 26. A specialized focal wall of macrophages, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes formed to sequester indigestible foreign material or pathogens.
- 29. An inflammatory fluid containing high concentrations of protein and cellular debris that escapes from blood vessels into surrounding tissues.
- 30. An altered, exaggerated immune response to an antigen that results in tissue damage, disease, or discomfort to the host cell structures.
Down
- 1. The structurally diverse class of glycoproteins produced by mature plasma cells that function as antigen-specific antibodies.
- 2. A plasma protein mediator produced via the kinin system that causes vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and pain.
- 4. Antigens present in some but not all members of the same species, serving as the main targets in organ transplant rejections.
- 6. Long-lived mononuclear phagocytic cells that dominate chronic inflammatory sites, orchestrate tissue healing, and present antigens.
- 9. The multi-step process where specialized cells engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign particles, microbes, or cellular debris.
- 10. The state of immunological unresponsiveness to a particular antigen, essential for preventing the destruction of self-tissues.
- 13. Inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenase pathway that directly induce pain and fever.
- 16. The primary cellular components of adaptive immunity, divided into antigen-specific T-cell lines and antibody-producing B-cell lines.
- 17. A small molecule that is not immunogenic on its own but can elicit an immune response after binding to a larger carrier protein.
- 18. The clinical term for redness at an inflammatory site, driven primarily by localized vasodilation and increased microvascular blood flow.
- 19. The target enzyme inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to disrupt the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
- 20. A vasoactive amine released by mast cells that binds to H1 receptors to cause rapid endothelial cell contraction and edema.
- 24. A plasma protein cascade that, when activated, causes opsonization, leukocyte chemotaxis, and membrane attack complex formation.
- 25. Deep dermal, subcutaneous, or submucosal swelling caused by vascular permeability shifts, presenting a critical airway hazard.
- 27. Any molecule (such as an antibody or C3b fragment) that binds to an antigen to enhance its susceptibility to phagocytic ingestion.
- 28. The primary granulocytic phagocytes that arrive first at the site of acute inflammation, dominating the cellular response within 24 hours.