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9. vibrations in the earth that transmit energy and occur during activity such as earthquakes.
11. A neutrino or antineutrino emitted during the decay of naturally-occurring radionuclides in the Earth.
12. The innermost layer of the Earth.
13. The upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere.
16. Space rocks that fall to Earth's surface.
17. Heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle.
19. A calculation of the age in years for geologic materials by measuring the presence of a short-life radioactive element.
20. When two tectonic plates move away from each other.

1. An unstable radioactive isotope.
2. The rigid, outermost layer of the Earth's rocks and minerals, which consists of the crust and upper mantle.
3. The product which remains after an original isotope has undergone radioactive decay.
4. The oceanic lithosphere and the thicker continental lithosphere.
5. An area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide.
6. The outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere that is found under the oceans.
7. A liquid layer composed of iron and nickel.
8. The layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.
10. A layer inside the Earth with a core below and a crust above
14. The emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation.
15. Places where plates slide sideways past each other.
18. A layer between the thermosphere and the stratosphere.