Across
- 1. A metabolic phenomenon (like the Somogyi effect) where uncompensated nocturnal hypoglycemia triggers a surge in counter-regulatory hormones.
- 5. counter-regulatory hormone administered via emergency injection or nasal spray to reverse severe, unconscious hypoglycemia.
- 9. The prototypical short-acting glucocorticoid that mimics endogenous cortisol, requiring stress-dose increases during illness.
- 11. A rapid-acting insulin analogue injected immediately before or after meals to control postprandial blood glucose spikes.
- 12. A selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts as an antagonist in breast tissue but as an agonist in the endometrium.
- 17. A synthetic form of triiodothyronine (T3) with a rapid onset and short half-life, used in specific combination hypothyroid regimens.
- 20. An aldosterone antagonist used in hyperaldosteronism, notable for causing hyperkalemia and painful gynecomastia.
- 21. The primary monosaccharide monitored closely during all insulin, steroid, and oral hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy regimens.
- 22. The essential pancreatic peptide hormone required for glucose uptake; its exogenous forms are classified by onset and duration.
- 23. A critical physiological state that severely restricts the use of specific endocrine agents like teratogenic antithyroid drugs.
- 24. The endocrine gland targeted by exogenous corticosteroid therapy, which can cause secondary gland atrophy due to chronic feedback suppression.
- 26. A DPP-4 inhibitor that prevents the enzymatic breakdown of endogenous incretin hormones, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
- 27. An SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, promoting glucosuria and offering cardiovascular protection.
- 28. An antithyroid drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase and blocks the peripheral conversion of T4 to active T3, preferred in early pregnancy.
- 30. A GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from lizard saliva that slows gastric emptying and promotes satiety, administered subcutaneously.
Down
- 2. A highly potent, long-acting glucocorticoid with minimal mineralocorticoid activity, used to suppress cerebral edema.
- 3. The preferred antithyroid drug for Graves' disease that inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, carrying a rare risk of agranulocytosis.
- 4. A potent mineralocorticoid analogue used as replacement therapy in Addison's disease to promote renal sodium retention.
- 6. A selective estrogen receptor modulator that blocks negative feedback at the hypothalamus, stimulating ovulation in infertility.
- 7. A synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) administered first thing in the morning on an empty stomach to treat primary hypothyroidism.
- 8. A long-acting second-generation sulfonylurea that stimulates pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin, carrying a high risk of hypoglycemia.
- 10. A biguanide that decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity, withheld prior to IV contrast to prevent lactic acidosis.
- 13. The bone-resorbing cell targeted by bisphosphonates and denosumab to preserve bone density in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
- 14. A thiazolidinedione (TZD) that activates PPAR-gamma to increase peripheral insulin sensitivity, carrying a warning for fluid retention.
- 15. A long-acting basal insulin analogue that forms micro-precipitates in subcutaneous tissue, providing a peakless twenty-four-hour release profile.
- 16. An oral bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, requiring the patient to remain upright for thirty minutes.
- 18. A synthetic analogue of vasopressin selective for V2 receptors, used first-line to manage central diabetes insipidus.
- 19. A 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT, used to shrink the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- 25. The functional receptor classification for drugs like finasteride, mifepristone, and spironolactone that block hormone signaling.
- 29. The cellular state of blunted tissue responsiveness to insulin signaling, serving as the core pathophysiology of type two diabetes.