Across
- 2. is a form of pastoralism in which livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. True nomads follow an irregular pattern of movement, in contrast with transhumance, where seasonal pastures are fixed.
- 4. is the practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land. Maize, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often monocropped. Monocropping is also referred to as continuous cropping, as in "continuous corn.
- 5. is the large-scale, intensive production of crops and animals, often involving chemical fertilizers on crops or the routine, harmful use of antibiotics in animals (as a way to compensate for filthy conditions, even when the animals are not sick).
- 8. is the measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it. According to the United Nations' Committee on World Food Security, food security is defined as meaning.
- 10. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
- 11. Contour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines.
- 13. also known as integrated pest control is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level.
- 14. is an agricultural technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage. No-till farming decreases the amount of soil erosion tillage causes in certain soils, especially in sandy and dry soils on sloping terrain.
- 15. are measures that keep prices for customers below market levels, or for suppliers above market levels, or reduce costs for customers and suppliers.
- 17. is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services.
- 19. is defined as the disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of lack of money and other resources. In 2014, 17.4 million U.S. households were food insecure at some time during the year. Food insecurity does not necessarily cause hunger, but hungeriii is a possible outcome of food insecurity.
- 20. is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost or eliminated by catabolism and excretion.
Down
- 1. is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.
- 3. the practice of growing different crops in succession on the same land chiefly to preserve the productive capacity of the soil.
- 6. is the natural flooding and over-irrigation that brings water at underground levels to the surface. As a consequence, displacement of the air occurs in the soil with corresponding changes in soil processes and an accumulation of toxic substances that impede plant growth.
- 7. is a multiple cropping practice that involves growing two or more crops in proximity. In other words, intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field.
- 9. or the Third Agricultural Revolution, is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production in parts of the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
- 12. existing for a long or longer than usual time or continuously: such as. a : retained beyond the usual period a persistent leaf. b : continuing without change in function or structure persistent gills. c : effective in the open for an appreciable time usually through slow volatilizing mustard gas is persistent.
- 16. are a type of pesticide that target a specific pest species. These pesticides have a minimal impact on organisms that are not targeted by the pesticide. Selective pesticides can be applied directly to plants or to the surface of the soil.
- 18. bridges the gap that often separates agriculture and forestry by building integrated systems that address both environmental and socio-economic objectives. Agroforestry can improve the resiliency of agricultural systems and mitigate the impacts of climate change.