Across
- 2. branch of biology concerned with the effects of ionizing radiation on living systems
- 5. concept that the cell dies if the master, or key, molecule becomes inactivated as a consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation
- 8. the ratio of radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions
- 9. solitary atoms or most often a combination of atoms that behave as single entities and are very chemically reactive as a result of the presence of unpaired valence electrons
- 12. programmed cell death
- 15. a multistage process that first involves the production of reactive free radicals that are created by the interaction of radiation with water molecules
- 16. an organic neutral free radical
- 17. loss or change of a nitrogenous base in the DNA chain
- 18. hydrogen radical and a hydroxyl radical
- 20. female and male reproductive cells
- 21. results when irradiation occurs early in interphase, before DNA synthesis takes place
- 23. can result when ionizing radiation interacts with a DNA macromolecule and the energy transferred in the process ruptures one of its chemical bonds and severs one of the sugar phosphate chain side rails, or strands, of the ladderlike molecular structure
- 25. OH* + OH* = H2O2, a substance that is very poisonous to the cell
Down
- 1. the radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation
- 3. injury on the molecular level resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation
- 4. used to calculate the equivalent dose to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage
- 6. classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation
- 7. results when irradiation of individual chromatids occurs later in interphase, after DNA synthesis has taken place
- 10. describes the relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction
- 11. chemical unions created between atoms by the single sharing of one or more pairs of electrons
- 13. the average energy deposited per unit length of track
- 14. a hydroperoxyl radical
- 19. the breaking of one or both of the sugar phosphate chains of a DNA molecule that can be caused by exposure of the molecule to ionizing radiation
- 22. exposing a cell to as little as 0.01 Gy of ionizing radiation just before it begins dividing can result in the failure of the cell to start dividing on time
- 24. biologic damage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by straight interaction with the incident radiation