Radiation Safety

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Across
  1. 6. unit of radiation absorbed in air
  2. 7. erroneous information passed to subsequent generations via cell division
  3. 10. unit of equivalent dose
  4. 12. average dose of radiation to the bone marrow
  5. 13. x-rays that emerge from the patient and strike the image receptor
  6. 16. unit of radiation absorbed in tissue
  7. 17. unit of absorbed dose, measured in joules per kilogram (J/kg); 1 Gy = 1 J/kg
  8. 20. distance, time, shielding
  9. 23. unit of effective dose
  10. 25. absorption of x-ray photons in the atoms of the body
  11. 28. best protection against radiation exposure
  12. 30. unit of exposure
  13. 33. occurs when radiation directly strikes DNA in the cellular nucleus
  14. 34. organization that publishes radiation protection guidelines for the United States
  15. 35. organization that studies biological effects of ionizing radiation and publishes resulting data
  16. 36. effect that occurs as radiation energy is deposited in the water of the cell;
  17. 39. upper boundary dose that can be absorbed, either in a single exposure or annually, with a negligible risk of somatic or genetic damage to the individual
  18. 41. radiation contained in the unpolluted environment
  19. 42. makes recommendations on equipment design and protection regarding lead shielding and fluoroscopic and mobile exposure rates
  20. 43. effects of radiation that become more severe at high levels of radiation exposure and do not occur below a certain threshold dose
  21. 44. devices optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) badge, thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), digital ionization dosimeter
Down
  1. 1. contains photons of many different energies
  2. 2. randomly occurring effects of radiation; the probability of such effects is proportional to the dose
  3. 3. scatter of x-ray photons from the atoms of the body
  4. 4. carcinogenesis; cataractogenesis; embryologic effects; thyroid dysfunction; life span shortening
  5. 5. hematopoietic syndrome; gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome; central nervous system syndrome
  6. 8. cells are most sensitive to radiation when they are immature, undifferentiated, and rapidly dividing
  7. 9. lifetime occupational exposure must not exceed the radiographer’s age multiplied by 10 mSv
  8. 11. ability to produce biological damage; varies with the LET
  9. 14. organization that enforces radiation protection standards at the federal level related to use of radioactive material
  10. 15. concept of radiologic practice that encourages radiation users to adopt measures that keep the dose at minimal levels
  11. 18. defines annual exposure limits; makes recommendations pertaining to risk–benefit analysis of radiation exposure;
  12. 19. effects of radiation on the body being irradiated
  13. 21. graphs that illustrate the relationship between radiation dose and the response of the organism to exposure;
  14. 22. equal to the effective dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor
  15. 24. absorption and scatter
  16. 26. occurs when radiation strikes the water molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell
  17. 27. amount of energy deposited by radiation per unit length of tissue
  18. 29. also called man-made radiation (e.g., medical x-rays)
  19. 31. possesses the ability to remove electrons from atoms by a process called ionization
  20. 32. effects of radiation on the genetic code of a cell; affects the next generation
  21. 37. radiation exiting the x-ray tube
  22. 38. unit of activity
  23. 40. organization that publishes international radiation protection guidelines