Across
- 3. any process that converts one element into another by changing the number of protons, such as the transmutation of lead into gold.
- 4. any radioactive isotope of an element.
- 6. a nuclear decay in which one of an atom’s protons is converted into a neutron and a positron, which is emitted.
- 8. The difference between the mass of a nucleus and the sum of the mass of the particles from which the nucleus was formed.
- 10. an uncharged electromagnetic wave of very high frequency and short wavelength. It is the most harmful type of radiation.
- 14. a series of sequential reactions of alpha and beta emissions that change larger, unstable nuclides to smaller, stable nuclides.
- 16. a nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay to change into a daughter nuclide.
- 17. the spontaneous emission of penetrating rays from nuclei.
- 18. an electron with a positive charge; an anti-electron
- 22. a self-sustaining process in which neutrons produced from fission reactions cause more fission reactions
- 24. an element with an atomic number higher than 92.
- 26. the waves and particles emitted during nuclear decay to make an atom more stable.
- 28. a unit of measure of the biological effects of different types of radiation on people.
- 30. decay the change of an unstable parent nuclide to amore stable daughter nuclide.
- 31. Particles and waves that have enough energy to knock electrons out of an atom
- 32. the energy required to separate all the protons and neutrons in a specific nucleus from each other; the energy equivalent of the nucleus’s mass defect.
Down
- 1. an equation that describes the change that occurs when nuclei decay, spilt, or fuse, to release radiation.
- 2. the group of stable nuclides represented on a graph of atomic numbers versus number of neutrons.
- 5. an electron that has been formed in and emitted from a nucleus during a nuclear decay process
- 7. a nuclear radiation that is triggered when a nucleus is struck by a high-energy particle or another nucleus.
- 9. mass the smallest mass of a fissionable substance that can sustain a chain reaction.
- 11. the number of radioactive decays per unit of time as measured by particles or rays produced.
- 12. The SI unit of biological radiation absorption.
- 13. a process that occurs when a nucleus pulls in one of its closest electrons and combines it with a proton to form a neutron, releasing an x-ray photon in the process.
- 15. the transmutation of two or more smaller nuclei to combine into one larger, more stable nucleus, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.
- 19. the nucleus of the helium atom (two protons, two neutrons) produced as the by-product of a nuclear decay process. It is represented by He2+ or 24He.
- 20. the amount of time required for half of the atoms of a parent nuclide in a radioactive sample to decay into its daughter nuclide.
- 21. a proton or neutron.
- 23. the product of the radioactive decay of a nuclide.
- 25. the number of nucleons (either protons or neutrons) in a full nuclear shell, according to the nuclear shell model.
- 27. the SI unit of measure describing the radioactivity of a substance; 1 Bq = 1 disintegration per second.
- 29. the transmutation of a massive nucleus to split into smaller and more stable nuclei, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.