RCRJ 351: Exam 1 Review

4. Unlike most countries, America's law enforcement field follows which type of structure?
7. The traditional style of policing that prefers officers to minimize any intrusion into citizens' lives.
9. The logic used to justify racial profiling on the basis of arrest rates is often referred to as ____________.
11. A 'sniff' by which type of animal is not considered a 4th Amendment search?
13. In which role to most officers start their careers?
15. The first type of police patrol and the one that is heralded for improving police-community relations.
16. Which researcher developed 4 dimensions of trust?
17. Jay-Z's 99 Problems provided a basis for our discussion of the ____________ Amendment.
20. Which department within the federal government was created at 9/11?
25. Which modern concept puts pressure on the police to collect DNA evidence to solve every case?
26. In discretionary decision-making, which types of factors are considerations like age, gender, and race?
27. Is it true that it is common for suspect lineups to not include the actual perpetrator? (yes/no)
28. Americans began to approve of racial profiling at which venues after 9/11?
29. Most police departments follow a ____________ or hierarchical structure.
30. The type of police lineup that shows all of the suspects at once.
32. The researcher who argued that the police are the catchall for emergency and nuisance situations.

1. This adjective of the CJ system says that any component changing its practices can result in changes at other stages.
2. Which non-traditional organizational structure seeks to empower lower level officers to be leaders?
3. A term often used to describe vice crimes.
5. Which era of policing took place during the Civil Rights Movement?
6. A major component in police decision-making.
8. Which type of patrol is argued to provide the very short response times?
10. Terry v. Ohio set the basis for which common law enforcement practice?
12. One of the first organized law enforcement groups in England.
14. A component of traditional police subculture, which says that officers are reluctant to report misconduct by fellow officers.
18. A special population that is often outside and therefore exposed to the police at a higher rate than other populations.
19. It was during this era of policing that many early technological advancements were made.
20. The less important pathway to legitimacy.
21. The most important pathway to legitimacy.
22. A burden of proof that is lower than probable cause.
23. What type of policies were created as a result of the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment?
24. Which image of the police is perpetuated by the public, the media, and the police?
31. Civilianization is the process of replacing sworn officers with ____________ personnel.