Across
- 2. of instruction in which there is a purposeful interaction between a learner and the computer device for helping the individual learner to achieve the desired instructional objectives”.Instead of simply providing texts on screen (electronic text only), providing additional computer-based supports (e.g., speech synthesis, feedback, vocabulary support) and strategy instruction may be more effective.Frequent opportunities to respond, procedures for matching task difficulty to student performance levels, opportunities for self-correction,prompt fading would be beneficial too.
- 6. _____ procedure is a technique in which words are deleted from a passage according to a word-count formula or various other criteria. The passage is presented to students, who insert words as they read to complete and construct meaning from the text. This procedure can be used as a diagnostic reading assessment technique. Based on reviewing students' restored words from the text passages, the teacher can determine a more accurate level of comprehension.
- 7. _____ text is written to present information. The purpose is to inform. It uses one of several recognized text structures, including description,compare/contrast,cause and effect,problem/solution, and etc.
- 8. Amount of practice of targeted words (multiple exposure),breadth of word knowledge about the words (definitional and contextual), and the use of active processing are features that are known to be the hallmarks of _____ vocabulary. Choosing 10 words per week with daily follow-up activities which expose students to their use in different contexts and with different nuances of meaning is an example of what you can do with this type of vocabulary.
- 15. The purpose of the CAI study was to investigate the evidence base for using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) to improve the reading _____ of students with learning disabilities (LD).
- 16. _____ clauses uses a conjunction like: Until, where, whether, since, how, once, who, while, after, etc.
- 17. _____ words are written words that are instantly, automatically recognized by the reader. This is important for reading fluency.
- 20. DIBELS Oral Reading _____ (ORF) is a measure that assesses Accuracy and Fluency with Text, the ability to effortlessly translate letters to sounds and sounds to words. The fluent reader is one whose decoding processes are automatic, requiring no conscious attention. Such capacity then enables readers to allocate their attention to the comprehension and meaning of the text.
- 21. The CAI article about the evidence base for CAI in reading instruction suggested that it may be advantageous for schools to place greater emphasis on _____-directed interventions that have an evidence
- 23. The type of communication that would be least likely to reveal a language deficit.
- 25. One of the language underpinnings of _____ is the understanding that you can substitute words for one another (using synonyms) and maintain the meaning of a sentence or text. (hint: "This is manipulating words, manipulating syntax, and doing so without changing the meaning, these are skills that you need.")
- 26. According to the research conducted, a word is considered a good candidate to teach to children if it seems likely to be ______ but has a concept with which they could identify and use in normal conversation.
- 28. True or false?: Producing model sentences in spoken language and using accompanying printed materials that include combining sentences,paraphrasing, and expanding sentences are a better strategy than having students memorize parts of speech out of context.
- 29. _____ is the map we have in our minds about a topic. It’s made up of our background knowledge – everything we know and think we know – about that topic. We use this to put new information into a meaningful context, to help us remember and understand it. (hint from worksheet: Making simple connections, weeding out distracting connections, celebrating background knowledge, and sharing what we think or think we know are some examples of how to teach this.)
Down
- 1. _____ chart is used for gathering information from student’s prior knowledge or experience. This 3 column chart captures the before (what the reader already knows), during (what the reader wants to learn) and after (what the reader learned) stages of reading.
- 2. Prefixes and suffixes such as, mis-, multi-, non-, -able, -less, -some are examples of this term.
- 3. Fluency _____is calculated by taking the total number of words read in one minute and subtracting the number of errors. A clinician only counts one error per word. This gives you the words correct per minute (wpm). The words correct per minute represent students’ fluency levels. This is important because reading levels alone do not give information about whether students are reading fluently.
- 4. Objective measures of story length, grammaticality, and thematic development differentiated LLD storytellers from typical story tellers are _____ identified in the narratives of children with LLD according to Newman and McGregor (2006).
- 5. Interventions that incorporate visual _____ should be considered by SLPs when designing treatment to support the expressive language of children with SLI and working memory issues.
- 9. Narrative _____/story grammar would include: setting,initiating event,internal response,plan,attempt,consequence,and reaction.
- 10. CAI reading interventions may best be viewed as _______ to these efforts and as a means of supporting students with disabilities to have “new opportunities for accessing and engaging in the general curriculum."
- 11. ______-Assisted Instruction (CAI)is “a
- 12. "Necessary elements of reading/writing assessments include _____, story telling, decoding, reading fluency, and etc."
- 13. _____are educated guesses based upon the evidence available, plus our previous experience and knowledge.It is not stating the obvious and it is not making a prediction.Research has shown that asking questions that elicit inferencing during the reading (or listening) process improves comprehension in students with a range of LLD and reading difficulties in both narrative and expository texts.
- 14. Oral language skills, reading, spelling, writing and background knowledge are essential parts of a _____ evaluation. (hint: these concepts are from a video!)
- 18. _____ organizers integrate both text and visuals. This has been scientifically proven to be an effective way of teaching and learning. Using them can be extremely useful for both teachers and students as they will make lessons more engaging as well as easily comprehensible.
- 19. Simple description, compare and contrast, sequence, cause and effect, problem and solution are examples of the five main _____ text structures students can benefit from learning.
- 22. _____ text tells a story.The purpose is to entertain. The main character faces a problem, and tries to resolve the problem. There is a beginning,middle,and end.
- 24. _____ treatment strategies include imitation, modeling, and expansions that are familiar to clinicians.Research suggests that integrative activities (i.e., those that combine activities in meaningful contexts) have the most promise of success.
- 27. Use of ______ words increases with age. Younger students (below sixth grade) tended to use "also, so,and then" when making points, whereas adolescents (above sixth grade) were more likely to use "on the other hand, consequently," and other similar words.Cloze procedures could be an activity to target these types of words.