Reconstruction

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Across
  1. 5. Americans the right to vote
  2. 8. A person from the northern states of the US who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction, Scalawag A white Southerner who worked with and supported northern Republicans during the post Civil War reconstruction period
  3. 9. The period between 1865–77 following the Civil War, during which the southern states
  4. 10. rights to African Americans, was introduced during this time
  5. 11. Crow Laws, A collection of state and local laws that legalized racial segregation (separation). African American communities and individuals that attempted to defy Jim Crow laws often met with violence and death
  6. 12. clause, a clause creating an exception based on circumstances previously existing. The
  7. 14. Tax, A poll or head tax is a tax applied equally on all adults at the time of voting and is not affected by property ownership or income. The poll tax was used in the South during and after Reconstruction as a means of getting around the 14th Amendment and denying civil rights to African Americans
  8. 17. clause was one of many things used by southern states to deny poor whites and all
  9. 18. (Ku Klux Klan), A secret terrorist group in the southern U.S. formed in the years following the Civil War. Its goal was to deny equal rights to African Americans and anyone working to help them by using violence and terror
Down
  1. 1. Amendment, Ratified in 1865, this change to the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States
  2. 2. the Confederacy were controlled by the U.S. government. Social legislation, including the granting of
  3. 3. Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”
  4. 4. The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment
  5. 6. Bureau , established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former enslaved people and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War,
  6. 7. a cycle of “virtual slavery” in which wealthy Southern landowners allowed African American and poor white farmers to farm the land for a share of the profits once loans were repaid. Often, poor farmers were unable to pay back the debt and continued to work under terrible conditions
  7. 13. Amendment, prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
  8. 15. test, Another form of discrimination targeting African Americans in the South. In order to vote, a man was required to read complex, difficult passages from the U.S. Constitution or Declaration of Independence. People with little to no education, or who were illiterate, were unable to pass the test and denied the chance to vote.
  9. 16. codes, laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War with the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and forcing them to work in near slave-like conditions