Across
- 3. – The relationship between letters and sounds in written and spoken language (e.g., letter-sound correspondence).
- 5. – The emphasis placed on a syllable in a word, affecting pronunciation and meaning (e.g., 'present vs. pre'sent).
- 7. – The collection of words a person understands and can use, essential for reading comprehension.
- 8. – Related to phonemes, the smallest units of sound in a language that distinguish one word from another.
- 9. – Combining individual sounds (phonemes) to form a word (e.g., /c/ /a/ /t/ → "cat").
- 11. – A gap or difficulty in a student's reading ability, such as struggles with decoding, comprehension, or fluency.
- 12. – Breaking a word into its individual sounds (e.g., "dog" → /d/ /o/ /g/).
Down
- 1. – A complex vowel sound that starts as one vowel and glides into another within the same syllable (e.g., "oi" in "boil").
- 2. – A unit of pronunciation in a word; syllabication refers to breaking a word into its syllables for easier decoding.
- 4. – Words that readers recognize instantly without decoding, often irregularly spelled (e.g., "the," "said," "was").
- 6. – Words following the consonant-vowel-consonant pattern, such as "cat" or "dog," often used for early phonics instruction.
- 10. – A method of teaching reading by linking letters (graphemes) to their corresponding sounds (phonemes).