Renaissance

3. - A Renaissance concept emphasizing worldly matters over spiritual ones, reflecting a shift from the medieval focus on religion.
4. - A wealthy individual or institution that supports artists, writers, or scholars financially, enabling the creation of significant works during the Renaissance.
6. - A technique in art used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface, perfected during the Renaissance by artists like Brunelleschi and Leonardo da Vinci.
8. - An artistic technique that uses strong contrasts between light and dark to create a sense of volume and three-dimensionality.
13. - A method of painting on wet plaster, widely used during the Renaissance in works like Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling.
14. - The art of persuasive speaking or writing, revived and studied during the Renaissance as part of classical education.
15. Antiquity - The period of ancient Greek and Roman culture, whose texts and ideals were rediscovered and celebrated during the Renaissance.
16. - An intellectual movement focusing on human potential and achievements, emphasizing classical texts and the study of subjects like history, philosophy, and literature.
17. - Relating to the political philosophy of Niccolò Machiavelli, emphasizing cunning, pragmatism, and the idea that "the ends justify the means."

1. - A city-state in Italy that became a center of Renaissance art, culture, and politics, home to the Medici family and many renowned artists.
2. Press - Invented by Johannes Gutenberg, this revolutionary technology enabled the mass production of books and spread Renaissance ideas more widely.
5. - A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the creation of Protestant churches and significant changes in Christianity, partly influenced by Renaissance ideas.
7. Ratio - denoted by the Greek letter ϕ (phi), is an irrational number approximately equal to 1.6180339887.... It is a mathematical ratio that appears in art, architecture, nature, and design, and is often associated with aesthetically pleasing proportions
9. - A practice in the Catholic Church where people could pay to reduce punishment for sins, which became controversial during the Renaissance and spurred the Reformation.
10. - A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme, popularized during the Renaissance by poets such as Petrarch and Shakespeare.
11. - A term coined by Sir Thomas More in his book of the same name, describing an ideal society free from poverty and suffering.
12. - A cultural movement spanning the 14th to 17th centuries, marked by a renewed interest in classical antiquity and significant advancements in art, science, and literature.
18. - The scientific study of the structure of the human body, advanced significantly during the Renaissance by figures like Andreas Vesalius.