Renaissance

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  1. 1. An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on human potential, achievements, and the study of classical texts. Instead of focusing strictly on religious matters, humanists emphasized subjects like history, literature, and philosophy.
  2. 7. Family A wealthy and powerful banking family that ruled Florence, Italy, during much of the Renaissance. They used their immense fortune to become major patrons of the arts, funding famous artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.
  3. 12. Machiavelli An Italian diplomat and political philosopher best known for writing The Prince. He argued that rulers should focus on practical power and stability rather than traditional morality, famously suggesting that it is better for a ruler to be feared than loved.
  4. 13. da Vinci An Italian polymath who embodied the ideal "Renaissance man" through his mastery of painting, sculpting, science, and engineering. He is most famous for masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
  5. 14. A period of cultural, artistic, political, and economic "rebirth" in Europe following the Middle Ages. Lasting roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, it promoted the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman philosophy, literature, and art.
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  1. 2. A renowned Italian sculptor, painter, and architect of the High Renaissance. He is celebrated for works such as the marble statue of David and the painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
  2. 3. A 1516 book written by Thomas More that describes an imaginary, ideal society free from greed, corruption, and conflict. Today, the word is used to describe any imagined place or state of things where everything is perfect.
  3. 4. The everyday spoken language of ordinary people in a specific region or country, rather than formal Latin. Writers like Dante and Shakespeare used the vernacular, making literature accessible to a much wider audience.
  4. 5. Relating to worldly, non-religious matters rather than spiritual ones. During the Renaissance, society became more secular as people began to focus more on everyday life, wealth, and human experiences alongside their religious beliefs.
  5. 6. Gutenberg A German inventor and craftsman who introduced movable-type printing to Europe around 1440. His printing press revolutionized communication by making books affordable and allowing Renaissance ideas to spread rapidly.
  6. 8. Shakespeare An English playwright, poet, and actor widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. He wrote famous plays such as Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth, exploring deep human emotions and complexities.
  7. 9. More An English lawyer, social philosopher, and statesman who served under King Henry VIII. He is best known for writing Utopia and was later executed for refusing to recognize the king as the head of the Church of England.
  8. 10. Lisa A world-famous portrait painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the early 16th century. It is renowned for the subject's mysterious expression and da Vinci's innovative use of light, shadow, and perspective.
  9. 11. Style of Painting A technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid, wet lime plaster. As the plaster dries, the paint becomes a permanent part of the wall, a method famously used by Michelangelo on the Sistine Chapel ceiling.