Across
- 1. Belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.
- 3. Comprehensive perspective on the world, shaped by cultural, religious, and social influences.
- 4. Holding beliefs that contradict established religious doctrines.
- 5. Inventor of the printing press, revolutionizing the production of books and information dissemination.
- 7. Traders and businesspeople involved in the exchange of goods and services.
- 9. Emphasis on acquiring goods and services in increasing quantities, a feature of Renaissance society.
- 16. First peoples/inhabitants of a particular region or environment.
- 17. Death Devastating pandemic in the 14th century, causing widespread mortality in Europe.
- 19. Social class with hereditary privileges, often involved in governance during the Renaissance.
- 23. The region lying inland from a coast or the shore of a river.
- 28. Revolutionary invention which facilitated the mass production of books, transforming communication.
- 29. Movement in the 16th century which challenged the practices of the Catholic Church.
- 31. Overall well-being and satisfaction with various aspects of one's life.
- 33. Women belonging to religious orders, residing in communities known as convents.
- 34. Social and economic system based on land ownership and hierarchical relationships.
- 35. A person or group that provides support, especially financial, to artists, writers, or scholars.
- 36. Policy of extending a country's power through colonization or military force.
- 39. Systematic approach to scientific inquiry involving observation, experimentation, and analysis.
- 42. Series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages.
- 44. A portion of one's income contributed to support the church or clergy.
- 45. English sea captain and privateer known for circumnavigating the globe during the Elizabethan era.
- 46. Period of cultural and intellectual growth in Europe, marked by a revival of art, literature, and learning.
- 48. Polymath artist celebrated for paintings like the Mona Lisa and contributions to anatomy and engineering.
- 49. German monk whose actions sparked the Protestant Reformation, challenging the Catholic Church.
- 51. Influential Florentine family, patrons of the arts, and central figures in Renaissance politics.
- 52. Monotheistic religion of the Jewish people, with a significant historical presence in Europe.
- 53. Belief system that suggests a connection between celestial phenomena and human events.
Down
- 2. Authority and control over a territory, often pertaining to a state or government.
- 6. Policy of expanding a nation's territorial or economic influence.
- 8. Explorer who sailed across the Atlantic in 1492, aiming to find a westward route to Asia.
- 10. Prolific playwright and poet, his timeless works include "Romeo and Juliet" and "Hamlet."
- 11. Reflecting or involving multiple cultures and ethnicities.
- 12. Agreement dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain.
- 13. Road Ancient network of land and sea trade routes connecting the East and West.
- 14. Artistic technique representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.
- 15. The everyday language spoken by ordinary people in a particular region.
- 18. Intellectual and cultural movement emphasizing human potential and achievements.
- 20. Dominant religion in Renaissance Europe, influencing culture, politics, and daily life.
- 21. Italian political philosopher, author of "The Prince," discussing pragmatic political strategies.
- 22. Independent political entity consisting of a city and its surrounding territory.
- 24. Regulations dictating the types of clothing and accessories people can wear, often based on social status.
- 25. Major religion, influencing the cultural landscape of Renaissance Europe, particularly in the areas of science, math and medicine.
- 26. Agricultural labourers, with distinctions between freemen and serfs based on social status.
- 27. To sail or travel all the way around something, like the Earth.
- 30. Associations of craftsmen or merchants; played a crucial role in medieval and Renaissance economies.
- 32. Renowned Italian sculptor and painter, creator of the Statue of David and the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
- 37. System of government where a single ruler, often a king or queen, holds central authority.
- 38. Period in European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
- 40. System of organizing people or things in order of importance.
- 41. Intellectual movement emphasizing civic duty, ethics, and education in the Renaissance.
- 43. The study of the structure and organization of living organisms.
- 47. Italian astronomer and physicist, a key figure in the Scientific Revolution, supported the heliocentric model.
- 49. Members of religious orders living in secluded communities known as monasteries, contributed to medieval and Renaissance society.
- 50. The practice of charging excessive interest on loans, often considered unethical.