Reonstruction

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Across
  1. 1. Codes These laws were passed in the south to attempt to limit the freedoms and rights of African Americans.
  2. 5. Republicans This political group demanded civil rights for former slaves.
  3. 7. J. Tilden He was the Democratic candidate in the election of 1876.
  4. 10. Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 This plan divided the South into 5 military districts, with each governed by a general who was backed by federal troops. Each military commander would register all black males to vote.
  5. 11. Amendment This amendment gave citizenship to all people born in the United States. This included former slaves. (It did not include Native Americans on tribal lands.)
  6. 12. Panic of 1873 A financial depression caused by the collapse of banks across the U.S. The depression led most Americans' focus away from Reconstruction.
  7. 15. B. Hayes He was the 19th president (Republican) of the United States, who ended Reconstruction with his election, and returned the southern states to 'Home Rule.'
  8. 17. Sumner This Senator who worked to gain rights for African Americans and limit the power of ex-confederates.
  9. 20. Bedford Forrest This former Confederate General became the leader and founder of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1860s.
  10. 22. 1865-1877 - This was the time period after the Civil War that dealt with the reintegration of the southern states into the Union.
  11. 23. Crow Laws These laws established racial segregation. They were in place in many areas of the U.S. until the 1960s.
  12. 25. This is the process of bringing charges against a government official. It does not mean the official is removed from office.
  13. 27. This is a type of farming where land and supplies are rented out to small groups of farmers in exchange for a portion of the crop. This practice was common for freedmen after the Civil War.
  14. 29. Bill This proposed law states that a majority of Confederate voters must pledge an oath to the Union before a state could be readmitted to the union. It was not passed.
Down
  1. 2. Johnson He was the 17th president (Democrat) who took office after Lincoln was assassinated. He was impeached, but was not removed from office.
  2. 3. S. Grant Grant was a Union general who became 18th president (Republican) after the war.
  3. 4. Rights Act of 1875 This act gave former slaves equal rights to public transportation, public accommodations, and allowed them to serve on juries. The law was not enforced and some sections were ruled unconstitutional in 1883.
  4. 5. Smalls He had escaped slavery by sailing a Confederate ship to freedom. After the war, he was elected to the U.S. Congress as a representative from South Carolina.
  5. 6. of 1877 This compromise was the formal end of the Reconstruction and pulled the last troops out of the South.
  6. 8. Amendment This amendment abolished slavery except as a punishment for crime.
  7. 9. Percent Plan Proposed by Lincoln, this plan stated that a southern state could be readmitted to the Union after 10% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. It was never passed.
  8. 11. Amendment This amendment gave the right to vote to men regardless the color of their skin.
  9. 13. Revels He was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress. He was a senator from Ohio.
  10. 14. Rule This refers to the understanding that the southern states would be allowed to control their own laws in the era after Reconstruction. This meant that the upholding of rights for African Americans would be left to the southern states also.
  11. 16. This holiday that celebrates June 19, 1865, the day that slavery was abolished.
  12. 17. Leasing Prisoners (often African Americans) were rented out to local companies for heavy labor. The convicts labored for free, and the companies paid the state government.
  13. 18. vs. Ferguson This Supreme Court case that ruled that segregation was acceptable under the condition of 'separate but equal' facilities.
  14. 19. Bureau This organization was established to provide freedmen with clothing, food, housing, schooling, and other basic necessities. It's funding was cut by 1869, and most organizations were forced to close after they were attacked by the KKK.
  15. 21. Klux Klan Founded by Nathan Bedford Forrest, this was a white supremacist hate organization that terrorized African Americans. It still exists.
  16. 24. of Office Act This act stopped Johnson from firing certain officials without the Senate's permission.
  17. 26. This is a name for the individuals freed from slavery.
  18. 28. Rights Act of 1866 This act declared that all individuals born in the U.S. were citizens. The power of this act was later strengthened by the 14th amendment.