Across
- 3. E__________ validity refers to the extent to which findings can be generalised to real-life settings
- 7. An e____________ variable is any variable other than the independent variable that could affect the dependent variable
- 10. The process of defining variables in precise and measurable terms so they can be tested
- 12. I__________ validity refers to the extent to which changes in the dependent variable are caused by the independent variable rather than other factors
- 13. A sampling method in which every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected
Down
- 1. The d____________ variable is measured by the researcher to assess the effect of the independent variable
- 2. The extent to which a study measures what it intends to measure
- 4. The extent to which a study or measuring instrument produces consistent results
- 5. A c____________ variable is an extraneous variable that systematically changes with the independent variable and makes it impossible to determine its effect
- 6. A testable statement predicting the relationship or difference between variables
- 8. D__________ characteristics are cues in a study that may influence participants to change their behaviour to match perceived expectation
- 9. C________________ is a technique used in repeated measures designs to control order effects by varying the sequence of conditions
- 11. The i____________ variable is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effect